Incidência de trombose venosa profunda e fatores associados em pós-operatório de artroplastias de membros inferiores

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, its pathophysiology have been studied since 1856 with the "Triad of Virchow, which describes the mechanisms involved in thromboembolism - an endothelial lesion, venous stasis and hipercoagulabiidade . The surgery affects a prothrombotic state, and the major orthopedic surgery such as arthroplasty of the lower limbs, involving the greatest risk to the patient along with the abdominal surgery, there is proven need for appropriate thromboprophylaxis use. The study aims to determine the incidence of DVT / PE and related factors in patients undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty in a large hospital in Porto Alegre / RS, and assess the use of prophylaxis of such events. The type of study is quantitative epidemiological cross-sectional. Data were collected from patient charts, the analysis period was from November 2011 to February 2012. The inclusion criterion was used: all patients who were hospitalized during this period to undergo surgery for knee or hip arthroplasty. To perform data collection, we used a standardized and structured. The study involved 43 patients (67.4%% females) with mean age of approximately 68.2 years. History of medical or surgical collected, the most common were hypertension (65.1%), heart disease (30%), DM (14%) previous or current history of neoplasm (7%), obesity (25.5% ) and a history of venous thromboembolism (4.7%). 95.3% of patients received some form of drug prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Only one patient developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in postoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although there are risk factors involved, and the surgery itself the largest, prophylaxis has proven effective in the cases presented here, is prescribed as recommended in most cases, but there is the importance of deploying a prophylaxis protocol.