A prática das equipes de atenção primária no cuidado longitudinal de pessoas com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis

Abstract

The new demographic, nutritional and epidemiological profiles of our population changes the sanitarians cenario, because non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) assume a prominent role, demanding a radical change on the practices and organization of the health care system. Thus, the study aims to examine the practices of primary care teams in the longitudinal care of people with NCDs, such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (SAH) in a municipality in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The research is descriptive, exploratory with a qualitative approach. Data collection was developed in two stages. In the first stage people with NCDs were interviewed to know the same about their perception of health, illness and care. From there, focus discussion were held with four teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) having elements that appeared in the interviews. The interpretative analysis called hermeneutic dialectic was the technique used for data analysis. The results showed that teams have difficulty to establish a relationship with this person; to develop a practice beyond the mere answer to demand and to be responsible for the user before all the intricacies of the system. These difficulties show up on the development of educational actions that motivate behavioral changes in lifestyle and monitoring of the user in his necessities of access to health care. In this study, we see that practices from professionals are based on prescriptive and authoritative models of education on health, focused on actions on pathology and not the promotion of health. Planning the operation of public health and investment in continuing education for professional teams in primary care opens up possibilities for improvements in the longitudinal care of people with NCDs.