Cronotopos midiatizados nas lutas antirracistas: o espaço-tempo complexo nos acionamentos e disputas narrativas em torno do ‘ser negro’

Abstract

This thesis has as its theme the mediatized time-space triggered by uses and appropriations of socio-technical-communicational devices and in narratives in disputes between Afro-referenced circuits and journalism media around racism and 'being black'. As a problematization, if on the one hand there is a socio-historical continuum of racism that is updated, on the other hand racialized and anti-racist communication practices intersect with expansions of the scales of time and space in the mediatized environment. The objective of this thesis is to investigate how Afro-referenced circuits and the media of journalism trigger complex temporalities and spaces in the uses and appropriations of devices and narrative disputes in circulation based on mediatized cases. The research hypotheses argues that a mediatized environment encompasses complex temporalities and spaces that intersect in disputes between Afro-referenced circuits and journalism outlets, which present practices linked to (anti-)racism. The theoretical-methodological design prioritizes the search for evidence based on three complementary axes: propositions regarding the mediatized chronotope, appropriation of the concept of chronotope (BAKHTIN, 2010; 2018; GILROY, 2004) translated into communication and which articulates the other two axes ; reflections on the historicization of mediatization and mediations linked to long-term racism; and the study of multiple mediatized cases, regarding the deaths of Gustavo Amaral and João Alberto Freitas and editions of the GloboNews Em Pauta program after the death of George Floyd. Among the research universe and sample, there are television news programs and various texts from journalism media and interactions of social actors in interactional circuits in socio-digital networks. The theoretical framework covers concepts related to mediatization (VERÓN, 2013; 2014; BRAGA, 2006; and GOMES, 2016; FERREIRA, 2016; 2017; FAUSTO NETO, 2018; CARLÓN, 2019), history of media (J. B. THOMPSON, 2015; BRIGGS and BURKE, 2016), the socio-historical phenomena of colonialism, racism and modernity (FANON, 2022; CÈSAIRE, 2022; and GILROY, 2012), in addition to propositions about the black public sphere (GILROY, 2012) and relations between journalism and modernity (GROTH, 2011). From the theoretical-methodological references derive authorial propositions about media circulation processes through crossroads between presentification, presentism, presenticism and mediatized temporalities, and their materializations in territorial and symbolic spaces. As inferences from each mediatized case are intertwined, the Afro-referenced circuits carry out quick actions after the events, opposing the silencing, forgetfulness and denials exercised by journalism, non-media institutions and other circuits in the face of social cases. These contrasts occur in narratives that subvert images of control (HILL COLLINS, 2022) by recognizing the dimensions of 'being black', of 'becoming black' (SANTOS, 2021) and around racism in memories and denunciations of their continuity and updating. Given the speed of these actions and the expansion of access by black social actors to the public media sphere, journalistic narratives begin to thematize racism momentarily in interpenetrations with the temporalities of the circuits, but, without denouncing it case by case, they oscillate between the recognition of humanity and the dehumanization of victims in the narratives. In conclusion, actions and narratives of social actors in circular temporality of remembrance highlight the constant updating and adaptation of Afro-referenced cultures in the mediatized society. With this, enabling an expansion of disputes and tensions regarding the continuity and updating of racism in the media, a process materialized in mediatized chronotopes in demarcations, permanences and changes in space-time.