Escrita digital e encenação tecnoenunciativa na rede social Twitter: a voz de Natalia Pasternak em defesa da ciência durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Abstract

During the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Brazil, it was necessary to combat, in addition to SARS-CoV-2, the infodemic and scientific denialism. The denial of science was even propagated by members of the federal government, especially by the then President of the Republic, Jair Bolsonaro, who acted without complying with the recommendations of specialists. In this scenario, some scientists began to defend and disseminate science on their social networks. A survey by Science Pulse and the Brazilian Institute of Research and Data Analysis (IBPAD) revealed who were the main Brazilian scientist influencers on Twitter in the first year of the pandemic. The institutions collected tweets about Covid-19 posted by Brazilian researchers and institutions from June to October 2020, and they measured the influence of these profiles considering three criteria: popularity, authority, and articulation. In the authority criterion, one of the names mentioned was Natalia Pasternak. This thesis' investigative focus is on this scientist's tweets, based on the assumption that tools for analyzing pre-digital texts do not consider the specificities of technotexts, which need to be investigated based on an epistemological conception that considers them to be inseparably co-constituted by language and technology. In this sense, this work is anchored in Digital Discourse Analysis (DDA), proposed by Marie-Anne Paveau. This research aims to investigate, from an ecological and post-dualist perspective, how digital writing and Pasternak's technoenunciative staging are constructed in tweets during the pandemic, considering the restrictions and possibilities of the Twitter ecosystem. The study proposes the concept of “technoenunciative staging” to linguistically mark a new perspective for the investigation of putting oneself on stage in the digital, starting from the concept of the scene of enunciation, by Dominique Maingueneau. The research is qualitative and its methodology is also one of its objects of study, as technotexts present characteristics, such as instability, which pose challenges to the researcher. To generate data, screenshots of the two most liked tweets by Pasternak's followers were used, considering biweekly intervals, from June 2020 to June 2021, totaling 52 tweets. Furthermore, four tweets were selected in which the scientist brings, through reported technodiscourse, her columns from another ecosystem, the newspaper O Globo. Three qualitative analytical stages were established, named as follows: (1) Analysis of the categories and dimensions of DDA, at the morpholexicological, enunciative, discursive, and semiodiscursive levels; (2) Most recurring topics in the corpus, in which eight tweets with topics that stood out are analyzed ; and (3) Tweets alluding to the columns, with the analysis of tweets with texts from the newspaper. It is defended the thesis that Pasternak, between restrictions and possibilities, makes use of the ecosystem's technolinguistic resources, taking advantage, mainly, of characteristics such as non-linear reading and hybridization, as well as categories such as technographicism and reported technodiscourse as resources to construct a technoenunciative enactment that is based on an ethos of authority, both of herself and of science. Digital writing and technoenunciative staging are hybrids and co-constructed with other enunciators, including the machinic one. The results can contribute to the field of textual-discursive analysis, to scientific dissemination and to the promotion of the culture of science.