Aspectos individuais e contextuais e dor osteomuscular em adultos de uma cidade do sul do Brasil

Abstract

Musculoskeletal pain can be a product of repetitive effort, excessive use and musculoskeletal disorders. Its impact reaches the quality of life, functional incapacity and productivity of individuals. Different individual factors may be related to the presence of pain, including sociodemographic, psychosocial, physical aspects and those related to health conditions. Psychosocial aspects can also play an important role in the occurrence of pain. In this regard, the general objective of this study was to investigate the individual and contextual factors associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in adults in São Leopoldo/RS. Method: cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort. Baseline data were obtained from collections carried out from January 2006 to July 2007, through interviews structured with a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire, in which 1,100 people at the age 18 or older, residents in 38 census tracts in the urban area of the municipality, were interviewed. Subsequently, between the years 2013/2018, the collections of the 2nd wave of the survey, the object of this study, were carried out, where about 573 people were interviewed. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the adapted and translated version for Brazil of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). In the first scientific production, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was estimated through Pearson's chi-squared test, for the estimates of the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their respectives, Poisson regression was performed, using control for design effect by svy command. For the adjusted analysis, a strategy based on a hierarchical conceptual model was used, taking into account the two levels: contextual and individual. In the second study, this one evaluating the factor structure of the instrument, NMQ exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Results: the first scientific production found a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (71.1%; 95%CI: 66.4-75.4). In the adjusted analysis, the following were associated with greater musculoskeletal pain at the contextual level: lower income, lower social support from the neighborhood and lower social action. At the individual level, sex (female), older age, lower education, lower social support and higher number of morbidities were associated. In the second scientific production, EFA showed a similar adjustment in solutions with one or two factors in all indicators. The adjustment values in the confirmatory factor analysis for both models showed Chi-square p<0.001 and SRMR and RMSEA values indicating good adjustment. Conclusion: The results showed that contextual determinants can influence the presence of musculoskeletal pain and that the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) presented an adequate factorial structure for measuring pain in a population-based sample.