Portal educativo de cuidados ao paciente grande queimado para enfermeiros: elaboração e validação

Abstract

Burns are a public health problem in developing countries. Although they are not a frequent cause of death, they require long hospital admissions and highly specialized rehabilitation care. Nonetheless, literature indicates that nursing professionals lack knowledge about care in the resuscitation and acute phases, which may impact the prognosis. This study aims to conceive and validate an educational portal for nurses, focused on hospital care for major burn patients. This is a methodological research developed in three steps: construction and validation of the structure of the educational portal concept; construction of the educational portal; validation of the educational portal regarding the content, semantics and technology quality. The building of the conceptual basis structure, composed of topics, was supported by the analysis of the structure of national and international guidelines, which orient nursing care for the serious burn patients. Validation was performed based on the percentage of agreement. Experts, nurses with experience in the care of burn patients and nurses working in emergency rooms and intensive care units participated in the process. To build the educational portal, the following steps were attended: a) analysis of the needs; b) design; c) development; d) implementation and evaluation; e) review and maintenance. For content and semantic validation, content validity index (CVI) was considered >0.8. The technology quality was validated through Google Lighthouse, an automated open source tool run as a Chrome extension that qualifies web applications by assigning scores from 90 to 100. Participants in the validation of the conceptual basis for the educational portal were 14 experts and four representatives of the target audience. Eighteen topics were proposed, of which seventeen obtained a percentage of agreement greater than or equal to 90%. Thus, the validated conceptual basis is composed of the following topics: burn evaluation, initial burn care, airways and inhalation injury, burn shock, burn care, electrical burn, chemical burn, burn in children, burn in elderlies, psychiatric conditions and psychosocial conditions, criteria for transfer to burn treatment center, surgical treatment and care, pain, nutritional support, infection, rehabilitation and formation of the multidisciplinary team. For content production, an integrative review was carried out including guidelines, consensus, protocols or society guidelines published in the last five years (2015-2020), which resulted in 14 publications analyzed. Content validation by eight experts indicates CVI > 0.8 for all topics, with mean CVI of 0.98. Semantic validation, by seven representatives of the target audience, points to CVI of 1 for all criteria evaluated. The validation of the quality of the educational portal showed an average score of 77.7, which reflects good performance. The results show high agreement for the applicability of the educational portal, which may support the dissemination of the best care practices, based on evidence, aimed at the care of the serious burn patients. Thus, the products generated in this research form the Portal Grande Queimado, which can be accessed through the domain http://grandequeimado.com.br, and the creation of the brand Portal Grande Queimado, which is waiting for registration.