Simulação e análise de diferentes tecnologias de módulos fotovoltaicos aplicados em uma edificação residencial vertical

Abstract

Brazil faces a continuous increase in energy demand, and a major challenge for sustainable buildings is to reduce electricity consumption and at the same time supply its own energy demand with self-generation. Residential buildings account for 26% of national electricity consumption. It is necessary to seek new sources of energy to diversify and complement the electrical energy matrix. Photovoltaic solar energy integrated or applied in buildings is growing around the world and may be an interesting alternative to Brazil due to its modular features and available solar radiation. This work aims to analyze the energy behavior of a residential building with solar photovoltaic energy generation applied in the envelope and to compare the performance of different technologies of photovoltaic cells, building site, different orientations and evaluate the possibility of this generation to supply the typical consumption of a residential building. The simulations are performed using the EnergyPlus software for Porto Alegre/RS and Recife/PE. The building model is a typical residential building and has been defined from the current building pattern and the Brazilian statistical data. This study considers the application of photovoltaic generation on opaque surfaces of the building with monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline, amorphous and also CIGS and CdTe technologies. The photovoltaic system has 1605 m² of installed module area and was divided into five sub-systems, to analyze the roof and the other four vertical façades orientation. For the city named Porto Alegre, all the technologies presented a sufficient production to supply the demand of the building electrical energy, but for Recife, only a-Si technology did not produce sufficient energy to supply the demand. The technology that presented the highest generation per unit area in Porto Alegre and Recife was monocrystalline silicon, with annual production of 140.7 kWh/m² and 146.6 kWh/m², respectively. From the generation results, relationships between generation by area in the coverage versus generation by area of vertical facade were created. For Porto Alegre, the vertical façades have very similar relations, except for the south façade, with the façade with better relation to the east with 1.73, followed by the north façades with 1.75, the west with 1.76, and the south façade presented a ratio of 3.30. In Recife, the best vertical facade for photovoltaic generation is the west façade, which presented a ratio of 1.39 times the area required to generate the same amount of electricity as the roof, followed by the east façades with a ratio of 2.20, north with 2.34 and finally the south façade with 2.69.