Modelo para estimar a geração de resíduos na construção de obras comerciais verticais

Abstract

The construction industry plays a key role in economic and social terms for the country. But from the environmental point of view, it is one of the sectors that stands out more in relation to the consumption of raw materials, besides generating a large volume of construction and demolition waste. To avoid or reduce the generation of these wastes, it is necessary to investigate their origin, which can be from the project to the production phase, and quantify the generation for the establishment of parameters and control. In this context, this study proposes a model to estimate the generation of residues in the construction of vertical commercial works, considering specific characteristics of the constructors that operate in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. The research method consists of a multiple case study using a statistical analysis tool. The research was performed in three stages: 1) data collection through a dependent variable (generation of waste by constructed area - m³/m²) and independent variables (characteristics of architectural design and construction system); 2) data treatment using multiple linear regression; and 3) application of the statistical model and analysis with amplification of the sample. Initially the sample consists of 6 vertical commercial works of 5 companies from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS, generating a statistical model with adjusted R² = 0.967, allowing to explain 97% of the waste generation by area constructed in works with similar characteristics . The variables that form the model consist of: dependent variable "generation of residues per constructed area" and independent variables "type/total"; "Total built area"; "Economic index of compactness" and "constructive system". The expanded sample consists of 12 works, including 6 vertical residential works that operate in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. As a result was tested a statistical model, formed by the dependent variable and the independent variables. When comparing the estimated values of waste generation (m³/m²) using this model it is possible to observe that the model generated from the works only of the commercial segment shows a greater approximation to the values of generation of waste reported by the construction companies.