Modelo para estimar a geração de resíduos na produção de obras residenciais verticais

Abstract

A significant amount of waste generated by the construction industry is now a major environmental problem to be faced by the government and construction companies. To avoid or reduce the generation of waste is necessary to work at the source, which may be from design to the implementation phase. The project consists in the initial step of the development and has significant influence on the construction process and final product. Studies also indicate that the management system employed by construction companies is directly related to the occurrence of losses, including waste. The knowledge of the waste generation rate is important management information, with different goals, since the awareness of the problem, even to serve as a basis for planning and implementation of actions aimed at minimizing the generation. However, the quantification of construction waste can still be considered as a challenge in view of the peculiar characteristics of the construction and the heterogeneity of the wastes. It is observed high variability in the methods employed and the variables considered, and the differences related to the time and contexts searched for generating indices and indicators. This work proposes the development of a statistical model to estimate the quantification of CDW generation in residential construction vertical, considering the specific characteristics of construction companies operating in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre - RS, investigating the influence of design and production system. The research strategy consisted of a case study with multiple sources of evidence, using as a tool for statistical analysis with linear regression. The sample consists of data from 20 residential construction vertical of 10 companies operating in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. As a result generated a statistical model , formed by the dependent variable ( the estimated amount of waste to be generated ) and independent variables related to the project (area of the pavement type , relationship between the number of flooring types and the total number of floors and economic index compactness ) and production system ( building system and reuse of waste in construction ) . The proposed model obtained adjusted R² = 0.69 , allowing explain 69 % of waste generation in the works with similar characteristics was observed better approximation to the estimation made by the model when compared to some estimates of the literature . The information generated by the model is important in raising awareness of local entrepreneurs and useful to base actions to minimize the generation, recycling or actions relating to the appropriate destination, and enable comparisons with information on waste generation from other locations.