Revisão sistemática de Ancistrus (Kner 1854), ocorrente na bacia hidrográfica da Laguna dos Patos

Abstract

Sebastian Wolff and H. von Ihering collected close to Camacuã river and Regan described the species Ancistrus brevipinnis in a single paragraph, with the type localityin Rio Grande do Sul, providing few diagnostic characters and based on a single individual. Subsequently, the distribution of this species was restricted to the Laguna dos Patos basin. Due to the existence of polymorphisms, these populations were studied to better define these characters and to describe new species. A study was conducted based on a review of data and morphometric analyses of 303 samples from across the basin. This allowed for the redescription and restriction of this species to the Camaquã River microbasin, as well as the description of a new species, A. megacanthus. Subsequently, with 44 samples of genomic material, a phylogenetic analysis (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian) were conducted using the markers Co1, 16S, and Rag2, along with the construction of a haplotype network. As a result, two more species were described: one occurring in the microbasins of the Sinos and Gravataí Rivers; and another in the Mirim Lagoon. Even so, the molecular data obtained suggest the existence of one or more species inhabiting the Meridional Plateau region, with a distribution that extends beyond the basins boundaries.