Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem à saúde de adolescentes no âmbito da atenção primária no município de São Leopoldo (RS)

Abstract

In Brazil, the health of adolescents and young adults have recently been a subject of discussion in health policies and in requirements to qualify professionals in the health care system, specifically in primary care systems that require purposeful intervention of nurses with the aim to integralize attention to health. The objective of this paper is to elaborate and propose the implementation of the Systematization of Nursing Care (Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem [SAE]), under São Leopoldo's/RS Basic Health Care (BHC) from the understanding of the specific needs of the county's youths and from programmed guidelines of federal and state health laws. This study takes place in the city of São Leopoldo/RS, considering indicators related to conditions of vulnerability, morbidity and mortality of the city's youth population. This study's approach is qualiquantative, developed in two stages, being the first an elaboration of sociodemographic and epidemiological profiles of adolescents and the mapping of the primary health and teenage protection networks; the second stage involved presential surveys, made up of six formative meetings with eight nurses actively working in the city's BHC network. In light of this research's qualitative methodology, the transcription of the meetings' audios was analyzed and the emerging themes were classified and contextualized. Based on health indicators, as well as on the categories of analysis, the results of this study pointed out vulnerabilities regarding sexual and reproductive health, with emphasis on pregnancy and its outcomes in early adolescence (ages 10-14) and on sexually transmitted diseases in the ages of 15 to 19 years old. Teenagers ages 15 to 19 were seen to be more vulnerable to interpersonal violence, whether as perpetrators of the offense or as victims, being aggression the prevalent cause of death. From the process of generating this research came the creation of products of a technological-educational nature and a systematization of nurse care, such as: a) a Guide to Adolescent Nursing Care in Primary Care; b) a Virtual Library - Adolescent Health; c) an Interactive map and online network of health care and protection of adolescents in São Leopoldo, and d) a matrix for the implementation of the Permanent Education Program for Nurses in Adolescent Health. With these accomplishments it was possible to strengthen and qualify the health care of adolescents in São Leopoldo, as well as systemize nurse care for this specific population in BHC, having in mind the needs of the adolescents and the context in which health care professionals are inserted. The present research is incorporated in the Project "NURSING RESEARCH AND INTERVENTION: Systematization of Nursing Care to strengthen the Health Network in São Leopoldo/RS" (PESQUISA E INTERVENÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) para fortalecimento da Rede de Saúde de São Leopoldo [PISAE-SL]), linked to the Postgraduate Master’s Program in Nursing, of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). PISAESL was contemplated in the Capes / Cofen 27/27 Bid Notice.