http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1691 PPG Geologia Tue, 14 Apr 2026 22:38:17 GMT 2026-04-14T22:38:17Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13041 Distribuição dos foraminíferos bentônicos e caracterização dos metais dissolvidos nas águas da Laguna TramandaíArmazém, Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) Martins, Eduarda Pacheco Tue, 17 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13041 2023-10-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12865 Implicações paleoambientais dos folhelhos negros na rampa carbonática da formação Irati Cassel, Marlise Colling Mon, 26 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12865 2018-02-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12523 Crostas de ferro geradas pela ação microbiana: um importante marcador de superfícies de descontinuidade para correlações estratigráficas de alta resolução Weschenfelder, Patrícia Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12523 2023-03-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12522 Decifrando a origem de dubiofósseis do pensilvaniano da Bacia do Paraná, Brasil Saldanha, João Pedro Minerals are the fundamental record of abiotic processes and one of the main records of life over time, yet they do not have solid criteria that can distinguish biotic from abiotic products. This is because, more and more, the ubiquity of life on the Earth's surface has been proven and, therefore, we do not know all the biological roles in mineralization throughout the sedimentary cycle. Another reason is the natural condition of overlapping and repetition of geological processes that define the record. Mineral dubiofossils are relevant research points to resolve the issue since they are located on the boundary of knowledge between abiotic and biotic. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to decipher the origin and history of branched mineralized structures until then considered as mineral dubiofossils from the Rio do Sul Formation, Pennsylvanian of the Paraná Basin, Itaiópolis - SC, seeking to contribute to the investigation of the biogenicity of minerals. This occurrence is interesting because it refers to biological aspects, although it is difficult to associate it with any known fossil group and because of the context of overlapping geological processes that occur in rhythmites of Rio do Sul Fm., just very close to the contact of a sill of the Serra Geral Group – Lower Cretaceous with proven thermal effect, in a quarry exposed to the current weather. Based on investigations of previous dubiofossils, a description protocol was established in four attribute classes: 1) morphology, structure and texture, 2) relationship with the matrix, 3) composition, 4) context, also evaluating the indigeneity and syngenicity of the material and comparing with other biotic and abiotic minerals. The dubiofossil showed a high variation in shapes, sizes, textures, differences with the matrix, a complex organized composition of calcite with Fe, Mg, Al internally and an intricate context in which any of the multiple abiotic and biotic processes could have generated the occurrence. The extensive comparison with abiotic minerals, controlled, induced, and influenced biominerals did not result in any more probable hypothesis, excluding the possibility of being a controlled biomineral due to its diversity of morphologies without pattern and the purely thermometamorphic origin due to the branched elongated forms. Suggesting a complex history for the occurrence: syndepositional or eodiagenetic origin of some carbonate or sulfate (gypsum, ikaite, dolomite, calcite, siderite), which may be linked to the presence of microbial mats. EPS or filamentous bacteria may have served as a template for mineralization and may have also mediated mineral growth. Mesodiagenesis may have modified the occurrence, but the main agent was the Cretaceous intrusion which, by degrading the associated organic matter, dissolved, replaced the initial mineral, and precipitated calcite producing the dubiofossil. In all these steps, the physical-chemical and biological reactions, aided by the intrinsic characteristics of the matrix, amount of organic matter and distance from contact with the intrusive body, may have increased the morphological complexity. The material presented is an example that dubiofossils can be the result of a complex history and overlapping geological processes. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of biogenicity arguments that differentiate biominerals from abiotic minerals. Thu, 30 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12522 2023-03-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11909 Early Danian carbon cycle perturbation: calcareous nannofossil and geochemical response at Blake Nose region (ODP Site 1049C), North Atlantic Alves, Andressa Nauter Short-lived (104-105 years) carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), many of which are associated with some degree of ocean warming, are a feature of the warm climate state of the early Paleogene. The first of these Paleogene carbon cycle perturbations (DAN-C2 event: 65.80 – 65.70 Ma) has been recognized in deep-ocean sediment cores recovered from a number of Atlantic Ocean and Thethys locations. Although many studies have reported benthic foraminifera assemblage changes across this interval, studies of the calcareous nannofossil response across this event are scarce. Here we analyse the distribution of calcareous nannofossils between 65.98 and 65.70 Ma from deep-sea sediments recovered from Blake Nose Plateau and combine these results with geochemical data (X-ray fluorescence, calcium carbonate, total organic carbon, and mercury content) to understand the main palaeoecological changes across this event. From 65.98 to 65.80 Ma surface ocean productivity was high, mainly dominated by Futyania petalosa species. Fe/K ratios indicate arid climate conditions. Increased Hg/TOC (ppb/%) and Hg/Al (ppb/cps) ratios recorded at 65.90 Ma strongly suggest that volcanic activity, likely related to the Deccan Traps, preceded the DAN-C2 event. This finding is associated with an increase in calcium carbonate content (CaCO3 %) and biogenic production (Ca/Fe), leading to an improvement in calcareous nanoplankton preservation. At the onset of DAN-C2 (65.80 Ma), Shannon diversity (H) index shows increased nannofossil species diversity, with greater abundances of eutrophic and high fertility species. More intense weathering and nutrient runoff most likely drove this during the event. Additionally, we provide new evidence that calcareous nannofossils (Coccolithus pelagicus and Cruciplacolithus primus) reduced size across DAN-C2 event, in an interval of intense dissolution and carbon dioxide sequestration. Finally, we suggest that surface ocean currents dynamics are an important mechanism to explain the strongest δ13C negative excursion observed in Blake Nose. Eccentricity maxima cycle likely amplified the effects of similar-to-today CO2 levels, leading to local changes in paleo circulation combined with sediments remobilizations from Gulf of Mexico, and enhance CO2 drawdown to deep ocean sediments. Thu, 28 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11909 2022-07-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11441 Mudanças hidroclimáticas e no padrão de oxigenação de água de fundo ao longo do limite Triássico-Jurássico na seção Levanto-Maino, Peru: possíveis gatilhos vulcânicos Francisco, Emanuel Mendonça The evolution of the Earth is marked by different periods of mass extinction, the main five being called the Big Five. Often these extinctions are associated with Large Igneous provinces (LIPs). The Triassic-Jurassic transition (Triassic-Jurassic boundary - TJB) presents one of these extinctions, whose characteristics are typical of hyperthermal events. This extinction was associated with the Central Atlantic magmatic province (CAMP) IPL whose consequences include anoxia, climate change and biocalcification crises. Understanding these issues are crucial factors, as we are currently experiencing a new and possible mass extinction where man is the main agent of climate change. Understanding the behavior of past ecosystems and their recovery time will help us understand and predict future impacts of anthropogenic activities. The vast concentration of research in the European and North American basins allows a better understanding of this transition in those localities, and records outside these are still scarce. Here we bring a multiproxy approach that correlates climatic changes, oxygenation conditions and possible distal records of CAMP volcanism in the End Triassic Extinction (ETE) event and in the TJB. Weather and climate records indicate a change in hydroclimatic conditions that start with the negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) preceding the TJB. Bottom waters remained oxic to disoxic during the TJB, as evidenced by the redox proxies, contrasting with patterns described in shallow marine sessions. Elevated concentrations of Hg and Hg/TOC occurred during the negative CIE, which suggests the recording of CAMP Volcanic activity for the Levanto-Maino session in Peru. Overall, our study highlights the importance of the Levanto-Maino section for understanding the deep marine environmental conditions associated with the ETE and TJB. Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11441 2022-03-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10936 Conexões entre padrões de precipitação no nordeste da América do Sul e a produtividade primária no oeste do Oceano Atlântico Sul durante o último deglacial Martins, Alisson Klayton It is a known-well fact that global temperatures and sea levels are rising, rainfall patterns are changing, and extreme weather events are becoming more intense and destructive. In this sense, geology plays a crucial role to understand how climate has changed in the past and assist in predictions of current and future climate shifts. In this work we discuss how a change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) can cause climatic anomalies over northeastern South America. The possibility of a collapse (or sharp weakening) of the AMOC within a few centuries has increased the scientific community's interest in responses from different compartments of the Earth system to previous collapses of AMOC (or sharp weakening). The most recent examples of these periods are Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1,18-15 ka BP; AMOC almost collapsed) and the Younger Dryas (YD, 12.9-11.7 ka BP; AMOC markedly weakened). Here, we present elemental ratios, organic biomarkers, reconstructions of sea surface temperature and data from planktonic foraminiferal assemblages of a marine sediment core recovered from the western tropical South Atlantic Ocean that extends through the last ca. 20 kyr. The core records hydroclimate responses of tropical South America and productivity changes in the western tropical South Atlantic during AMOC intensity fluctuations associated with HS1 and the YD. Our data show that both HS1 and the YD were characterized by wetter climates over the northeastern South America and, consequently, there was an increase in continental runoff. However, continental runoff was probably more intense during HS1, when nutrient supply increased primary productivity in the western tropical South Atlantic Ocean. Together with previously published data, we suggest that marked decreases in AMOC intensity during HS1 and the YD trapped heat in the surface layer of the western South Atlantic Ocean, facilitating humidity transfer and increasing precipitation over northeastern South America. Fri, 29 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10936 2021-10-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10923 Assessing the significance of identifying Globigerinoides ruber albus morphotypes in the south Atlantic subtropical gyre during the late Pleistocene Zardin, Tamires Nunes Globigerinoides ruber albus is a planktonic foraminiferal species widespread in tropical and subtropical surface ocean waters. Nevertheless, its taxonomy is still subject of debate. Here we classified at the morphotype level a total of 1816 G. ruber albus specimens recovered from marine isotopic stage (MIS) 14 to 9 at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 517, located in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre. The specimens were taxonomically divided into seven morphotypes of G. ruber (cyclostoma, normal, platys, kummerform, elongatus cf. 1, elongatus pyramidical and twin) and seven morphometric parameters were measured. The morphotypes G. ruber albus cyclostoma, G. ruber albus normal, G. ruber albus platys and G. ruber albus kummerform present significant differences of morphometric measurements, as well as of ratios between individual measurements, occupying separate segments of morphospace. We also demonstrate that the most relevant morphological characters for the classification of G. ruber albus morphotypes are height and width of the last chamber, and height and width of the aperture. Stable oxygen (δ 18O) and carbon (δ 13C) isotope analyses showed that the G. ruber albus cyclostoma morphotype presented the highest δ 18O values and the lowest δ13C values, indicating a preference for relatively deep and cold waters with low symbiont activity. The G. ruber albus normal morphotype showed the lowest δ 18O signature, evidencing its preference for shallow and warm waters, however its δ13C values were lower than those of G. ruber albus platys and G. ruber albus kummerform, also suggesting reduced photosymbiont activity. Considering changes in relative abundances, although minor, the G. ruber albus cyclostoma morphotype was more abundant during interglacial periods, whereas the G. ruber albus kummerform morphotype was more abundant during glacials in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre. Due to the morphometric and isotopic differences between the morphotypes identified here, we suggest that future paleoceanographic studies consider identifying the G. ruber albus cyclostoma, G. ruber albus normal, G. ruber albus platys and G. ruber albus kummerform morphotypes. Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10923 2022-03-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10842 Silicificação sin- e pós-deposicional em um reservatório carbonático do pré-sal: um estudo de caso na Bacia de Santos (SE do Brasil) Vieira, Anderson de Oliveira Mon, 29 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10842 2021-11-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10329 Nanofósseis calcários do Albiano-Cenomaniano do DSDP SITE 364 (Bacia de Kwanza - Angola): bioestratigrafia e implicações paleoceanográficas para o Atlântico Sul Bruno, Mauro Daniel Rodrigues The Albian–Cenomanian interval was a period of extreme climatic conditions related to Greenhouse conditions, in this time interval significant changes in paleogeography and paleoceanography of the oceans that caused evolutions in marine ecosystems on a global scale are also registered. In this study, the assemblage of calcareous nanofossils from samples recovered at Site 364 (Kwanza Basin, Angola), drilled by the Deep Sea Drilling Project, was analyzed. An assemblage with subtropical-tropical affinity was recovered, which provides an excellent biostratigraphic record of the upper Albian–Cenomanian interval, and indicates a shallow water connection between the southern and central regions of the Atlantic Ocean, at least as far as Angola. Data show that sedimentation was predominantly limestone and pelagic during the Albian–Cenomanian interval, except in the basal section of Site 364 where black shale deposits occur interspersed with dolomitic limestone and marls. The dissolution of calcium carbonate is a significant process recorded at Site 364 and was observed in most samples, its effects are selective on the assemblage and it was not possible to verify the relationship between the black shale deposition layers and the high fertility of calcareous nanofossils . Despite dissolution, the recovered assemblage is relatively well diversified and taxa susceptible to dissolution are observed but not very abundant. Paleontological and geochemical evidence suggests an increase in surface water fertility/productivity in the intervals where dissolution effects decrease. Mon, 30 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10329 2018-07-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10328 Ostracodes cretácicos da Bacia de Barreirinhas: taxonomia, considerações bioestratigráficas e inferências paleoambientais Santos Filho, Marcos Antonio Batista dos The Barreirinhas Basin occupies the coastal and continental platform portion of the Brazilian equatorial margin of the Maranhão state, and contains a good marine ostracod fossil record, that haven’t so far been studied. The study of ostracods, in general, can contribute towards the better comprehension of the paleoenvironmental evolution and biostratigraphic discussions of the area. This work presents the result of the study made with ostracodes recovered from the wells 1-MAS-1, 1-MAS-3A, 1-MAS-4A and 1-MAS-14 of the Barreirinhas Basin, with the aim of expanding the knowledge about cretaceous ostracods of the Barreirinha Basin and, consequently, of the Brazilian equatorial margin. 147 samples were prepared and analysed, resulting in the recovery of 495 specimens, distributed between 40 species, 16 genera and nine families. The following genera were identified: Cytherella Jones, 1849, Bairdoppilata Coryell, Sample & Jennings, 1935, Argilloecia Sars, 1866, Paracypris Sars, 1866, Cythereis Jones, 1849, Ovocytheridea Grekoff, 1951, Sapucariella Puckett, 2016, Dumontina Deroo, 1966, Potiguarella Piovesan, Cabral & Colin, 2014, Sergipella Kroemmelbein, 1967, Krithe Brady, Crosskey & Robertson, 1874, Nigeroloxoconcha Reyment, 1960, Conchoecia? Dana, 1849, and Protocosta Bertels, 1969, as well as two unidentified genera belonging to unknown families. Based on the fauna found, three distinct paleoenvironments were defined: Marine 1, Marine 2A and Marine 2B, with an inner to outer neritic environment being attributed to Marine 1, a middle to outer neritic environment to Marine 2A, and an outer neritic one to Marine 2B. . Based on previously stablished biozones for the Sergipe basin, two biozones were identified: the Nigeroloxoconcha aff. Nigeroloxoconcha sp. GA A 22 Range Zone, of lower Cenomanian age; and the Brachycythere sapucariensis Interval Zone, of Turonian to middle Coniacian age. Wed, 05 Oct 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10328 2016-10-05T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10327 Evolução termal de potenciais reservatórios na porção leste da bacia do Parnaíba Cardoso Júnior, Márcio In the last few decades, the Parnaíba Basin is being subject of study since it was discovered its high potential on natural gas exploration. In this scope, the study area is located on the eastern part of the basin, northern region of Brazil, in which outcrop sandstones and siltstones of the Cabeças (Devonian) and Poti (Carboniferous) Formation, reservoir rocks of Parnaíba Basin. Subordinately, magmatic rocks are present corresponding to two intrusive events of Mesozoic ages attributed to the Mosquito and Sardinha formations. The first event is related to the breakup between the North America and South America, and the second, between South America and Africa, whose processes of magmatic intrusion in the Paleozoic rocks changed not only the petrographic characteristics of these rocks, but also modified the properties of the reservoir rocks in the basin, being these alterations identified during exploration stages. It was collected samples of sedimentary rocks in drilled core and outcrops, in which were applied method of Thermochronology by Fission-tracks in apatite and zircon, and petrography, with the objective to integrate data of thermal history and physical properties of the rocks, relating to petroleum systems in the region. The results of Fission-tracks in apatite and zircon indicated that the magmatic event of the Sardinha Formation (Cretaceous) was the major influence in the portion of the basin. In near portion of the magmatic rocks, the paleotemperatures have overcome 300 °C, condition that altered the reservoirs. The high temperatures mobilized hydrothermal fluids which altered the rocks by dissolving minerals and precipitation of carbonate cement in the pore space. In portions where the thermal influence is attenuated, in terms of maximum paleotemperature, the conditions become favorable for the non-thermal alteration of reservoirs. Thu, 07 Jun 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10327 2018-06-07T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10326 Modelo geológico da sub-bacia Guaritas (Bacia do Camaquã, RS, Brasil), com base na interpretação de dados magnetotelúricos Rocha, Leônidas Malta Soares da This paper presents and discusses the Sub-basin Guaritas sub-surface model through data acquired by Magnetotelluric (MT) geophysical method combined and associated with boreholes in the region. The Camaquã Basin is interpreted as the result of the superimposition of several independent sub-basins, successive in the same depositional locus linked to the final stages of evolution of the Dom Feliciano Belt, representing the Brasiliano orogeny in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the evolution of Sub-basin Guaritas are identified structures associated with extensional and compressional stress, coming from a formative and deforming tectonic visibly marked by grabens and horsts structures founded in geophysical sections. The boundaries of specific resistivity intervals allowed differentiation basement formed by Porongos Complex and Groups: Bom Jardim, Santa Barbara and Guaritas were later used in the composition of 2D and 3D models. The integrated analysis of the geophysical data with boreholes contributed to the understanding of the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of Sub Guaritas Basin and the Braziliano Cycle in the region. Tue, 28 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10326 2015-07-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10295 Gênese de concentrações densamente fossilíferas do Eoceno médio, formação man aike, bacia foreland Magallanes (Patagônia Chilena) Müller, Eduardo Guareschi In the Middle Eocene marine deposits of the Magallanes region, Ultima Esperanza Province (Chile), there are fossiliferous concentrations associated with shallow marine siliciclastic deposits. During this period, climatic oscillations and global changes in marine circulation occurred recording variations in the relative sea level in the southern region of the South American Plate and in Antarctica. On the northwestern edge of the Magallanes Basin, in the locality of El Puesto (Rio de Las Chinas Valley, Patagonia Chilena), outcrop siliciclastic coarse-grained deposits, interspersed with dense fossiliferous concentrations representing part of the Middle Eocene deposition. Seeking to improve paleoenvironmental interpretations, this study presents a multi-proxy characterization, based on facies analysis, taphonomy and FRX (X-Ray Fluorescence) analysis, in order to understand the genesis of densely fossiliferous concentrations of the Man Aike Formation. The base of the Man Aike Formation presents as transgressive shoreface deposits. The results corroborate previous interpretations of a shallow marine deposition from an upper shoreface transitioning to a lower shoreface, under the influence of high energy processes with controlled deposition by currents and waves. The fossiliferous concentrations indicate a deposition under the action of good weather waves and storm waves, related to proximal and distal storms. Proximal deposits are interpreted as lag concentrations. Another record concerns hiatal deposits with formation of event concentrations (fossil associations of the ecological sense type) and episodic deposits related to debris flows. The records of terrigenous/Ca, Al/Ca, Ti/Al and Sr/Ca ratios suggest a transgressive trend towards the top of the section. The sedimentary piling patterns and geochemical data obtained are related to climatic events that occurred in the Eocene, which caused a consequent relative rise in sea level starting at approximately 45 Ma. Thu, 12 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10295 2021-08-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10240 Registro de charcoal em depósitos do final do cretáceo da Península Antártica: proxy na avaliação do contexto deposicional e paleoambiental Manfroi, Joseline The presence of macroscopic charcoal in the fossil record offers the opportunity to a range of assessments on the paleoenvironmental context that gave rise to this type of record. Among their applications are aspects involving in the geological and paleontological studies of recent years, such as changes in oxygen content in the atmosphere and the association of vegetation to pyrogenic contexts. The present study assessed the presence of macroscopic charcoal in deposits of the Late Cretaceous of Antarctic Peninsula, whose genesis in a fore arc tectonic context, resulted in a highly influenced volcanic deposition. Some of the material here studied comes from the collection undertaken in the Antarctic expeditions made in PROANTAR-Brazil, on King George Island and Nelson Island, being stored at the Laboratory of Life and Earth History (LaViGea), at the Vale do Rio dos Sinos University (UNISINOS), and part was courtesy from the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH). The samples were analyzed under a stereomicroscope (increases between 10 and 40 times) seeking by the presence of charred wood plant fragments, after mechanically removed from the sediment and analyzed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The analysis allowed the definition of morphoanatomical structures that allows determinate the dynamics of paleofires and its effect over the original vegetation. Two sites showed charred remains proper to this analysis, one in southern King George Island (Price Point), the other at the northern sector of the Nelson Island (Rip Point). The analysis shows wood fragments preserving part of its cellular structure and simple transverse, with uniseriate piths, which allow relating the material forms to the gymnosperms cellular structures.The fusion of the cell walls, with clear marks of rupture, indicate high firing temperatures (340°C to 600°C), which associated to the proximal volcanic context informed by the associated lithologies, allows to suggest a heated fallout tephra like the source of ignition and preservation of wood materials. Thu, 20 Feb 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10240 2014-02-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10239 Paleoicnologia de depósitos turbidíticos: um estudo da formação Capdevila, Eoceno inferior, Cuba Ocidental Martín, Jorge Villegas Ichnological studies in Capdevila Formation (Los Palacios Basin, Lower Eocene) are scarce and there are few works in which the authors just identified the taxa of the trace fossils. The aims of this work are identify and study the ichnofossils from Capdevila Formation in order to realize a more accurate paleoecological interpretation of these deposits. Thus, samples from a fossil colection and from an outcrop of Capdevila Formation (Western Cuba) were studied. Trace fossils assigned to Bichordites and varied preservational morphologies of Scolicia were identified. Nine ichnofabrics (Asterosoma, Thalassinoides, Palaeophycus, Scolicia. Bichordites-Thalassinoides, Rhizocorallium, Scolicia-Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha and Root traces) were recognized along the succession, preserved both in massive sandstone and sandstone with parallel lamination. This ichnofauna represents low ichnodiversity, dominance of sediment feeders, marine salinity conditions and a well-oxigenated substrate. The integrate sedimentological / ichnological analysis of the succession allowed to propose a depositional model of shallow slope, impacted by frequent gravity flows and / or high depositional rate. The recognized suites correspond to Glossifungites, Cruziana and Skolithos ichnofacies, being the latter two atypical when compared with their arquetipical counterparts, as a result of the stress caused by the predominance of high-energy conditions and / or high depositional rate. These suites indicate, for the studied succession, a shallowing phase of these deposits, including a period of subaerial exposure marked by a forced regression event, and the subsequent reestablishment of marine conditions, with the base level rise. Tue, 20 May 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10239 2014-05-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10228 Fluxos gravitacionais de sedimentos : registro de transformações de fluxo no rifte Santa Bárbara Oeste, Bacia do Camaquã/RS Lehn, Ilana Sediment gravity flows comprise gravity-driven underflows characterized by a large concentration of suspended sediments. Along the downslope transport of sediments some flow transformations (laminar to turbulent flow and vice versa) can take place due to the incorporation or segregation of clay into or out the flow, respectively. These flow changes along a single depositional event indicating hybrid behavior and may produce deposits called hybrid events beds. The Western Santa Bárbara Rift (Camaquã Basin, Brazil) includes both cohesive (debrites) and non-cohesive (turbidites) gravity flow deposits. This research aims to test a possible connection between both types of deposits, to understand their triggering mechanisms and to characterize possible flow transformations taking place along their downslope evolution. A photostratigraphic analysis was performed to identify key stratigraphic surfaces and associated system tracts. Detailed sedimentological and gamma logs (scale 1:20) and outcrops description were performed to identify facies and facies association. During field campaigns, sampling was undertaken to provide material for microscopic (optical and SEM) and X-ray analyses. The stratigraphic record suggests a longitudinal, northeasterward delta system. Facies tract indicates several flow transformations taking place downslope from the distributary mouth bars. The suspended load at the streams mouths produces dense underflows that become bipartite as the flow decelerates and thins out. As soon as the denser interval of the bipartite current freezes, the upper, turbulent layer with high erosion capacity erodes the substrate, incorporates mud and gradually becomes a debris flow. At last a dilute plume develops along the upper layer of debris flows due to flow dilution and deposits a thin turbidite layer above the debrite as a hybrid bed. Tue, 21 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10228 2017-02-21T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10218 Flora fóssil dos níveis de bentonita da formação Campos Novos (Oligoceno Superior) Bacia de Boa Vista, PB, Brasil Paniz, Guilherme Artur The end of Oligocene was a critical time for angiosperm evolution, with the definitive establishment of modern vegetation and grass-dominated landscapes. Is was also a time marked by important geological events, with the first signs of the Andean uplift that led to closure of the Central America seaways and the resulting phytogeographic results. In the present article a new association of fossil plant imprints is described from a bentonitic shale interval of the Campos Novos Formation, for which 40Ar/39Ar geochronological dating has indicated a Late Oligocene age. This unit is part of the depositional sequence of the Boa Vista Basin, a small pull-apart basin in northeastern Brazil, established over a Pre-Cambrian basement and affected by tectonic and magmatic impacts. This taphoflora consists exclusively of angiosperm morphotypes, which are represented by leaves, leaflets, legume fruits (with a new genus Albisiocarpum proposed), a fragmentary flower, and one specimen from a probable monocot. Among these taxa, the Fabaceae-related forms stand out for their abundance (48% of representativeness), followed by Lauraceae (with a new species, Nectandra bonavistensis), Annonaceae, Burseraceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, and Malvaceae. The dominant microphyllic leaves, with entire margins and brochidodromous venation, support the presence of a warm tropical climate, yet with times of more stressing conditions (seasonal or with hydric restriction). Comparisons made with other Cenozoic floral assemblages from Brazil and neighboring areas suggest the closest relations with Middle Eocene-Oligocene deposits from central and SE Brazil, and with assemblages preserved in Late Oligocene deposits from northern Brazil and the Caribbean region. This suggests a retraction of the tropical floras from higher to lower latitudes throughout the Oligocene, also probably linked to the short interval of climatic amelioration that occurred at the end of the period. Modern analogs show a mixed flora of Amazonian, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest components, or an ecotone, with most of these displaying pioneer behavior. This fóssil flora from the Boa Vista basin shows the potential for building a well-dated record for the fóssil floras that precede the end of the Paleogene in Brazil. Mon, 02 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10218 2015-03-02T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10206 Outcrop Explorer: um sistema de renderização baseada em pontos para visualização e interpretação de modelos digitais de afloramento Bellina, Gabriel Marx The use of LIDAR-based models for geological outcrop studies has increased in the last decade, especially in the last five years. This technique has proven its potential to represent digitally tridimensional field data collected in outcrops, increasing the quality and amount of data available for interpretation by geoscientists. Under a computational point of view, researchers have found difficulty on handling the huge amount of data acquired by LIDAR system. Under a geological point of view, researchers have found difficulty to visualize efficiently the point cloud and to convert the point cloud to high-quality digital outcrop models (DOM) with specific interpretation tools. Some research groups have developed in-house software solutions in order to overcome the lack of commercial solutions. All solutions must consider the large database as the pain point of the project. Outcrop Explorer has been developed to manage large point clouds, to provide geological interpretation tools and to allow integration with geological applications through data exporting. In terms of software architecture, view-dependent level of detail (LOD) and a hierarchical space-partitioning structure in form of octree were integrated in order to optimize de data access and to promote a proper visualization and navigation in the DOM. Outcrop Explorer provides to geoscientists an editing tool capable to remove noise or unnecessary portions of the point cloud and interpretation tools as lines, plane identification and orientation e different exporting formats. Fri, 25 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10206 2013-10-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10200 Avaliação do impacto da expansão urbana sobre a infiltração superficial e recarga potencial subterrânea no município de São Leopoldo, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil Petry, Fernando The assessment of urbanization impact on potential groundwater recharge variation in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State - Brazil, concerning the 1950-2012 period, was carried out by multicriteria analysis. During this period, the population had a 860% growth, ranging from 25.794 to 214.210 inhabitants. At the same time, urban area changed from 20 km² to 71 km² , what means an increasing rate of 252%. Due to this urban expansion, a reducing of surficial infiltration was expected. In fact, by multicriteria analysis of several steps of urban expansion, it was detected a reduction around 75% of high potential infiltration areas. The potential groundwater recharge in São Leopoldo was assessed through quantifiable and non-quantifiable criteria. A comparison of the results showed a rate of coincidence of 73.5% excluding the urban area, for which, it was considered extremely low values. As for deviations estimation of the order of 26.5%, the CN (Runoff Curve Number) technique presented predominantly higher results. The trend of deviation occurs towards the CN technique because of Geological criteria not be used in this method, which was however considered in the Multicriteria technique. Fri, 12 Dec 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10200 2014-12-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10130 Spinicaudata do triássico e jurássico das formações Santa Maria e Caturrita (Bacia Do Paraná): tafonomia e paleoambientes Jenisch, Alan Gregory Due to the chitino-phosphatic nature of of Spinicaudata conchostracans, these organisms exhibit, as a rule, a low preservational potential when compared to other bivalve groups. Notwithstanding, recent studies point to their increased capacity to tolerate physical processes. Due to this biased characteristic, conchostracan have been utilized as precise temporal markers. Besides this, owing to this taphonomic particularity, spinicaudates can be also useful in the investigation of sedimentary processes and depositional environments in which these organisms inhabited in the past. The present work aims at providing a paleoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis of conchostracans (Spinicaudata) from the Triassic-Jurassic of the Paraná Basin (Santa Maria and Caturrita formations). The adopted methodology consisted in the appraisal of facies, depositional systems and taphonomic signatures of the fossiliferous deposits. The results from the taphonomic study shows the presence of four distinct fossil assemblages, individualized based on the generation mechanism and intrinsic characteristics of the concentrations: 1a and 1b (facies Fl) is related to the decantation of fine grained sediments in floodplains; 2 (facies Sr-Fl-Sh) is related to overflow currents in floodplains; 3 (facies Fl-Sm) river mouth bars. In assemblages 1a and 1b, the high degree of preservation is associated to autochtony in the conchostracans, whereas the preservational condition of assemblages 2 and 3 point to authochthonoy, parautochthony and even allochthony. It is concluded, then, that the preservational quality of these organisms is probably related to transport duration, distance from original site of life and magnitude of the event of final burial. Within the observed species, the recognition of Eustheria minuta in the stratigraphic level of the Passo das Tropas creek corroborates an age for these deposits between the late Middle Triassic and early Upper Trisassic. The presence of a new form, likely related to the family Fushunograptidae, in sediments from the Caturrita Formation suggests a Jurassic age for these deposits. Mon, 31 Jul 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10130 2017-07-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10129 Geomorfologia sísmica de feições deposicionais e erosionais do sistema deltaico Eridanos (Plioceno do Setor Holandês do Mar do Norte). Preissler, Adriane Gomes Depositional and erosional features along two specific surfaces within Pliocene strata of the Dutch sector of the North Sea were studied based on using seismic geomorphology and seismic stratigraphy concepts. This study consisted of the interpretation of a high quality 3D seismic cube (~ 400 km²) acquired in shallow water (~ 40 m), which covers the Eridanos fluvio-deltaic depositional system. The free software OpendTect was used to analyze two key stratigraphic surfaces. Some seismic attributes and filters were used to highlight palaeogeomorphological features on the selected horizon slices. The first one, a maximum flooding surface, shows a network of tributary channels incised onto the slope and merging into larger, probably hyperpycnal channels developed on the basin floor. Local evidence of contour currents was also identified. The second horizon, a subaerial unconformity, presents evidence of widespread action of contour currents and local action of turbidity currents partially reworking the contourites. The results enhanced the close relationship between extreme climate conditions (glacial and interglacial) and erosional / depositional geomorphological features (e.g. contour currents scours and depositional streaks, tributary drainage network and associated submarine channels, and turbidite channels and lobes). Thu, 05 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10129 2015-03-05T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9870 Evolution of an estuarine valley to barrier-lagoon system promoted by tidal prism change during a transgressive event (Lower Permian, Paraná Basin) Galli, Celso Pagano In modern marine marginal environments, the coastal morphology directly influences the tidal and wave processes. In this paper we present an example of an ancient coastal zone where the change in coastal morphology controlled the tidal range. This study focuses on the Permian Rio Bonito Formation in the southern Paran´ a Basin, where the major coal deposits of South America are located. Sedimentological and stratigraphical approaches were applied to cores drilled in the Candiota paleovalley area. We describe the stratigraphic architecture of a transgressive event of the Lower Permian (Rio Bonito Formation). Two third order depositional sequences were identified, which show differences in the paleoenvironmental record. In the lower sequence, associated with the infilling of an incised valley, facies related to fluvial and tidal currents are dominant. In a micro-tidal inner sea context, tidal range is amplified in a funnel-shaped valley. In the upper sequence, already evolving in linear coastal conditions, evidence of tidal depositional processes almost disappear, and the sedimentation becomes dominated by wave processes, thus a coastal barrier system associated with lagoons and swamps is established. Our study, besides detailing the paleoenvironmental evolution of the sedimentary infilling of an incised valley, also provides for a better understanding of the origin of southern Brazil coal. Fri, 27 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9870 2020-11-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9832 A compartimentação hidrogeológica do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral (SASG) e Sistema Aquífero Guarani (SAG): um estudo na região da escarpa basáltica nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul Silva, Rafaela Christ da The study area, located in the southern portion of the Paraná Basin, in the northeast of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has as supply sources two important aquifer systems, the Guarani (SAG) and the Serra Geral (SASG). The first, constituted by the secondary porosity in the volcanic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation and the second, by the primary porosity in the sandstones of the Botucatu Formation. As it covers a lithological contact zone, the tectonic structures that intercept the volcanic spill piles can affect the SAG sandstone rocks and, depending on their characteristics such as orientation and type of fracturing, provide the connection between the two aquifers, directly affect its productivity , and promote hydrogeological compartmentation. For the present study, data from 375 wells that capture groundwater from the SASG, the SAG and both systems were used, in order to evaluate the hydrodynamic characteristics, potentiometry and altimetry of the lithological contact. These data were analyzed along with regional structural lineaments, joint measurements in more than 100 outcrops of volcanic and sandstone rocks, and petrographic analyzes to assess porosity and cement types. The results demonstrated the occurrence of distinct hydrogeological compartments controlled by fault zones of NW, NNW, and NNE orientation, connection by joints and, locally, faults. The textural and compositional characteristics of sandstones control the preservation or obliteration of the porous system and determine its productive behavior as an aquifer. The contact surface between the Botucatu and Serra Geral formations is favorable for the circulation and storage of groundwater as corroborated by 93% of the wells that crossed this surface. The integration of results allowed proposing a conceptual hydrogeological model integrating the Guarani and Serra Geral aquifer systems. Tue, 23 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9832 2019-07-23T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9746 SyntheticSeis: a synthetic seismic software Oliveira, Luiz Felipe Bertoldi de Synthetic seismic models derived from outcrop studies are useful for comparing with actual seismic data sets. This article presents the software we developed (SyntheticSeis) in terms of its architecture and validation through a complete workflow for the generation of synthetic seismic volume. The SyntheticSeis is an open-source software and its main feature is the easy to use interface for simple interface for creating 3D synthetic seismic volumes from stratigraphic grids in Eclipse Grid files. The SEG-Y file format obtained from the software facilitates the visualization of the results and the software application. The mathematical approach to generate the seismic traces is based on the Ricker wavelet and convolution process. The software was tested through a case study of Jurassic, deepmarine strata exposed in the Arroyo La Jardinera area (Neuquén Basin). The comparison of the synthetic seismic volume with the geological model indicates that software works properly and is reliable. The source code and executable version of the software are available for free on the project website (https://github.com/feliperails/syntheticseis). Thu, 18 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9746 2021-02-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9745 Considerações paleoambientais e paleoclimáticas sobre o “Mar Entrerriense” do mioceno tardio: estudo de caso da Formação Camacho, Uruguai Aumond, Gustavo Nunes Marine sediments deposited during late Miocene transgressive events are recorded over large onshore areas in southeastern South America, characterizing the “Entrerriense Sea”. In Uruguay, these deposits outcrop at the coast of the Department of Colonia, and are assigned to 10 the Camacho Formation, which is well-known by its abundant fossil content. Nevertheless, studies applying geochemical proxies in the Camacho Formation are not yet available. Our goals are: (1) to assess in high resolution paleoenvironmental changes recorded by the marine and/or marine-influenced strata of the Camacho Formation in Uruguay; (2) to explore possible links between local responses and global climate shifts that occurred during the late Miocene. To achieve these goals, we applied a multi-proxy approach, in which sedimentary facies and trace fossil occurrences were compared with geochemical and physical properties records measured in high-resolution along the exposed sedimentary succession of the Camacho Formation. Our results suggest that these strata record a shallowing-upward trend, also characterized by deposition in gradually more proximal settings [increasing-upward trends in log(Zr/Rb) and log(Ti/Rb)], coupled to increased influence of freshwater input in the upper half of the studied sedimentary succession (decreasing-upward Sr/Ba trend). Considering previously published ages for the Camacho Formation, we infer that this shallowing-upward trend was related to the high latitude cooling and/or ice volume expansion occurred between 7.2 and 6.9 Ma, and the associated long-term sea level fall from 7.2 to 6.5 Ma. These trends occurred in tandem with the onset of more humid climate conditions (recorded on the uppermost strata of the Camacho Formation), which were likely related to the latitudinal migration of climatic belts. Mon, 01 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9745 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9278 The shelf edge: characterization and significance of the shelf-slope break threshold for the infilling of the mid-Jurassic Neuquén Basin, Argentina Almeida Júnior, Flávio Norberto de Sedimentary wedges that build out from the margin of deep-water basins often exhibit large-scale (hundreds of meters), topset-foreset clinoform geometries. Deepwater basins therefore have a shelf-margin morphology of flat to gently sloping shelf, together with a steeper deepwater slope (1-4 degrees) and a gently sloping to flat basin floor. The two inflection points along the margin morphology are the shelf-slope break (or shelf edge), and the toe of slope break. The significance of such clinoformal patterns in stratigraphy is that they demonstrate the time equivalence of the sandy shallow-water shelf deposits with the respective muddy deepwater slope deposits, and allow the position of the shelf edge or the shelf-slope break and the toe of slope break to be pinpointed in the stratigraphy. This typical shelf-slope-basin floor clinoform geometry is easily recognizable in seismic data sets, but difficult to determine (when not supported by seismic) in outcrops because shelf-margin clinothemsin exhumed basin are generally destroyed due to erosion and deformation. Only few places clinoforms can be recognized in outcrops, such as, for example, the Eocene Central Basin of Spitsbergen (Norway), where the exposures are large and continuous with sandstones punctuating the hundreds of meters muddy slope clinoforms. Although seismic data allow shelf-slope-basin floor deposits to be constrained within chronostratigraphic intervals, they do not provide the bed-scale resolution inherent in the refinement of geological models. Outcrop analogue studies provide the finer-scale resolution needed, but these are not without problems too because co-genetic shelf-slope-basin floor deposits cannot often be time-correlated in outcrops. It implies that little is known about the character of the linkage between the shallow-water shelf and the associated deep-water depositional systems, since this transition has rarely been seen in outcrop where the downslope facies changes can be described and quantified. The mid-Jurassic deposits of Challaco-Las Lajas-Los Molles formations of southern Neuquén Basin, in La Jardinera area, fill the basin by means of building shelf-slope-basin floor clinoforms. Exceptional outcrops expose the hundreds of meters thick clinoforms, and thus, enabled a time- correlation between the shallowwater shelf and the deepwater depositional systems, and the character of this transition to be described and quantified. This study provided a three-dimensional, bed-scale and architectural model for the shelf edge rollover deposits that can be used as an analogue for subsurface predictability of deepwater reservoir presence and de-risking of prospects in similar settings. This conceptual paleographic model bring important contributions to improve our understanding of how sediment moves from shelf to deepwater areas of shelf margins. Mon, 13 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9278 2020-04-13T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5711 Foraminíferos planctônicos do Paleoceno no testemunho DSDP site 356, platô de São Paulo, Atlântico Sul: bioestratigrafia e inferências paleoecológicas Krahl, Guilherme The Paleocene is characterized by an interval that succeeds the K-Pg mass extinction event which affected several fossil groups. In its study reveals not only a sequential pattern of evolutionary radiation but also processes related to the complex recovery of marine ecosystems. Due to their ecological characteristics the planktonic foraminifera are an important paleoceanographic tool for the understanding of the physicochemical evolution of marine pelagic systems as well as the evolution of the group along the Paleocene. In this context, this paper aims to conduct a biostratigraphic and paleoecological analysis based on Paleogene planktonic foraminifera assemblages (Danian/Seladriano) from the DSDP Site 356 (Leg 39) drilled in the western South Atlantic. Fri, 29 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5711 2016-07-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5707 Evolução de um sistema laguna-barreira da formação Rio Bonito, no sul da Bacia do Paraná Candido, Mariane This study aimed to construct and interpret a computational model for a particular lagoon-barrier system of the Rio Bonito Formation in Paraná Basin, located in the coalfield Iruí Central. This paper also presents a literature review of the geological depositional environments of interest, especially the lagoon barrier systems, and other relevant concepts for the conception of it. The main goal of this research was to understand the formation and evolution of this system, considering the relative sea level variations. Data were obtained from 75 logged boreholes, with 19 cores distributed along two geological sections, parallel and perpendicular to the paleoshoreline in order to characterize the lagoon-barrier system, and the other to scale the main coal bed deposited behind the barrier. Through the 3D stratigraphic modeling DIONISOS® (Diffusive Oriented Normal and Inverse Simulation of Sedimentation) software, the basic parameters have been established and various data settings simulated. The described facies were interpreted as swamp, lagoon, sandy barrier and tide-influenced deposits. The evolution of this system during the transgressive system tract showed migration of the barrier landward, and during the highstand system tract the migration occurred seaward. A relative sea level rise of about 16 m allowed a strong correlation with data exhibited by the stratigraphic sections along 2 Myr. The past environmental conditions rebuilt through the model, made possible the establishment of the relative sea level curve and the likely locations of sediment supply in this environment, allowing better inferences about the evolution steps of this existing system in the Rio Bonito Formation. Fri, 29 Jul 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5707 2016-07-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4912 Geoarqueologia na planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul: contribuições sobre a ocupação humana pré-histórica no litoral norte do RS Raupp, Ismael da Silva This work is an interdisciplinary research between Geology and Archeology. It aims to understand from a geoarchaelogycal perspective the relationship between the evolution of the northern portion of the coastal plain of the Rio Grande do Sul State (PCRS) and the preterit human occupation in the area. Our study area is located within the limits of the Arroio do Sal municipality. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) devices were used to acquire profiles in which were identified past coastal plain features favorable to human occupation of the region. From the data collected an interpretation of the possible scenario in which ancient human groups lived was elaborated, including the presence of currently filled back barrier lakes and lagoons. The same geophysical tool was used for subsurface acquisition in the shell mound named Marambaia I (RS-LN-312). The results have allowed the elaboration of a map of places prone to the presence of archaeological materials, hence hoping to reduce errors and costs in future excavation and therefore to preserve as much as possible the site integrity. Fri, 07 Aug 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4912 2015-08-07T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4802 Fósseis de pteridófitas das ilhas King George e Nelson: afinidade taxonômica e importância no contexto deposicional e do clima nas áreas setentrionais da península antártica Trevisan, Cristine Pteridophyta fossils from Antarctica known since the end of Paleozoic Era. During the Mesozoic they become more abundant in areas of the King George and Nelson islands, object of this study, located at the Antarctic Peninsula. On King George Island the volcanic rocks dominates the successions and the fossil assemblages concentrates in levels originated by ash flow and fall processes, or for its reworking, in a time span that includes the end of Cretaceous and Paleogene. There, the pteridophytic remains dominate at southern areas (Fildes Peninsula) and in the older Cretaceous levels. This older assemblages (Campanian / Maastrichtian) shows many and well preserved ferns, accompanied by araucaria and podocarp conifers, and primitive angiosperms dominated by Nothofagus. In the Upper Paleocene and Eocene successions, although the unchanged general composition, the flora shows more modern character with the appearance of many new conifer types mainly within the Podocarpaceae, and the angiosperms remains are represented by leaf morphotypes comparable to those found in extant families (mainly Sapindaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and once again, abundant Nothofagaceae). On Nelson island, is find a single known fossiliferous locality (Rip Point), presented for the first time in this study. The fossil plant deposition brings the attention of its correlation to the older levels from the neighbouring King George island. The plant fossils at Rip Point concentrate in two levels of tuffitic rocks, between lava and conglomerate deposits, the lower one exclusively by its macrofloristic remains and restricted to fern frond fragments, exhibiting morphologies comparable to Coniopteris (Brongniart) Harris, a genus largely confined to the Mesozoic. The well preserved impressions and morphology of pinnae and pinnules allows the description of a new species, C. antarctica. Instead, the pollen analysis made in the same beds showed that the associated vegetation contains rare conifers representatives (podocarps and araucaria) and primitive angiosperms that include ancestral type of pollen grains from Nothofagus. This fossil assemblage, besides supports the late Campanian and /or basal Maastrichtian age to the Point Rip basal levels, allows inferring a wet and temperate climatic condition to the northern areas of Antarctic Peninsula during this time interval. Its composition also help to confirm the role of ancient Antarctic biomes in the origin of the vegetation that grow today in the high and middle latitudes, under oceanic climates, of the South Hemisphere. Tue, 30 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4802 2011-08-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4682 A deriva litorânea e suas implicações na gênese e orientação de barreiras arenosas pleistocênicas (região de Osório), Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil Carassai, Julierme Justin The coastal region of Rio Grande do Sul consists of a long track of low and sandy dominated by the action of waves, littoral drift and other currents induced by waves as well as the wind strong action. The present study had the objective of relating and specifying the formation dynamics of an ancient beach environment located in the area of two sand mines in the two of Osório, in Rio Grande do Sul. The region is inside the north part of the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul (Planície Costeira do RS), in Barrier System III, of pleistocenic age (120 to 125 ky). This system contains foreshore and shoreface deposits covered by eolian sediments. In the region, there is a significant register of marine and non-marine biogenic sedimentar strutures that allowed to mark clearly the marine deposits. Besides the analysis of facies and sedimentary processes, paleocurrent data allow infer the beach paleoline of Barrier III in the region of Osório (RS), making a comparison with the present regime of waves, currents and winds that act in the coastal region of Rio Grande do Sul. Fri, 03 May 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4682 2013-05-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4670 Função de pedotransferência para estimar o fósforo remanescente em solos, utilizando rede neural artificial Cagliari, Joice The remaining phosphorus consists of the P concentration that remains in solution after shaking for 1 hour a soil sample with 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 containing 60 mg L-1 P. The remaining phosphorus values can be used as suitable indicators of the soil capacity of anion sorption due to be more dependable on the soil mineralogy than on the soil clay content. In Brazil, the remaining phosphorus is used as an ancillary variable in the official guidelines for determining fertilizer and amender requirements of agricultural soils of the Minas Gerais state. The main goal of this research was to develop a pedotransfer function (PTF) capable of providing fairly accurate estimates of remaining phosphorus values of representative soils of the São Paulo state from often-determined soil chemical properties and/or from other ones of easier determination. In this context, two pedotransfer functions were developed by using artificial neural networks (ANN) and multiple regression analysis (MRA) applied to a database formed by values of soil chemical and physical properties derived from soil surveys previously carried out in different locations of the São Paulo state. The multi-layer feedforward neural networks approach was used for the development of the ANN-based PTF being its topology determined from successive experiments. The simultaneous criteria adopted for choosing the best neural network were the performance during the training stage, measured by the mean squared error, and its capacity of providing accurate Prem values, which was evaluated by using a validation database in which statistical comparisons were done between the measured and estimated Prem values. The topology of the network that provided the most accurate estimates of the remaining phosphorus was [3 14 1], i.e., three neurons at the input layer, fourteen at a unique hidden layer and one neuron at the output layer; further development features included the use of the sigmoid logistic model as activation function, the input of data normalized in the [0;1] interval and the use of the resilient backpropagation learning algorithm. The three variables at the input layer were the soil pH value measured in 1 mol L-1 NaF (pH NaF), the sum of exchangeable bases (SB) and the soil content of exchangeable aluminum (Al3+), being the two last ones usually determined in soil test laboratories whereas the pH NaF determination is easier than the remaining phosphorus one. The MRA-based PTF was developed considering the same input variables of the ANN-based one, i.e., pH NaF, SB and Al3+. The comparisons performed with a same validation database showed that the pedotransfer function developed from artificial neural networks provided more accurate estimates of remaining phosphorus values. Despite the database used for the PTF development not be so comprehensive for the establishment of a definitive pedotransfer function for estimating remaining phosphorus values, the results of the present research indicate as promising the development of a massive database from chemical results often obtained by the Brazilian laboratories dedicated to soil fertility evaluation and that includes Prem and pH NaF values. This database will allow the development of a comprehensive ANN-based pedotransfer function capable of not only calculating suitable Prem values for practical applications but also reducing the expenses related to the analyses of a great number of soil samples. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4670 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4625 Confined turbidite sand-sheets in the Paraná and Paganzo Basins Carvalho, Bruno Miguel Vaz de During the Late Paleozoic, Gondwana was home for a protracted glaciation that generated high sediment supplies and ample accommodation space within incised valleys and fjords, usually laterally confined and longitudinally extensive geomorphological features. These glacial valleys became so overdeepened below sea level that they filled up with hundreds of meters of seawater, as glacio-eustatic sea level rose during and following deglaciation, therefore producing deep-water environments prone to gravity-flows such as turbidity currents. This study assesses the behavior and morphology of sand sheets deposited by turbidity currents that instead of flowing outward onto an unconfined basin floor, were confined within a limited space up to a spill point. This study compare three examples of turbidite sand sheet deposited on settings presenting distinct degree of confinement, including two areas in the Paganzo Basin (Paganzo Group) and one area in in the roughly coeval Paraná Basin (Itararé Group) The Argentinean case studies are located in the eastern Precordillera of the Andes, near San Juan city, and include a palaeofjord (Quebrada de Las Lajas) and a more open valley (Quebrada Grande), both incised into Early Paleozoic shelf carbonates (San Juan Formation) and olistostrome (Rinconada Formation). The Brazilian counterpart is located in Vidal Ramos (Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil) and it is a very wide palaeovalley carved into Proterozoic schists and secondly marbles. After a general description and interpretation of the valleys fills and a more detailed description and interpretationof the associated turbidite sand sheets, their similarities and differences are stressed to define which features ewere dependent or independent of the glacial valley morphology. Thu, 20 Feb 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4625 2014-02-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4587 Flora fóssil do pontal Rip, Ilha Nelson, Península Antártica: taxonomia e contexto geológico Bastos, Bibiana Liguori Plant fossils are common in the Antarctic Peninsula and have been found not only in the eastern areas that correspond to the back arc deposition environments, but also in the Graham Land and the South Shetland archipelago, which represent the arc and fore arc contexts, respectively. In the Nelson Island, part of the South Shetland archipelago, the fóssil record is deeply linked to the volcanic processes that marks its geological history, initially affected by the Mesozoic subduccion events and after by the construction of an island arc. The macro and microflora found in a reworked pyroclastic deposit from the upper part of Rip Point outcrop, in northwestern Nelson Island, are herein presented for the first time. The macroflora is dominated by very fragmented leaves of Nothofagus and primitive forms of angiosperms, related to the families Lauraceae, Anacardiaceae and Melastomataceae. Rare pinnules of Pteridophyta and a sole and partial conifer shoot also compound this assemblage. Amongst the palynomorphs, the Pteridophyta are a main component, follow by pollen grains of gymnosperms. The presence of grains related to Nothofagus is represented by ancestral and modern types (e.g. Nothofagidites cf. endurus, N. cf. kaitangataensis and N. cf. brachyspinulosus). The Classopollis grains, in association with Nothofagidites cf. endurus, N. cf. kaitangataensis, suggested a Late Cretaceous age to this deposit. In relation to stratigraphic correlation, the composition of macroflora showed also a greatest identity with ones recorded in other exposures found in the King George Island, specially, with assemblages attributed to the middle Campanian (e.g. Half Three point, Price point and Zamek Hill). In terms of paleophytogeography, it was possible observe the domain of angiosperms related to a deciduous and primitive leaves of Nothofagus, similar to many of modern species that live in southern South America. In this way, it is suggested that the Antarctic Peninsula was under a humid temperate climatic condition during the deposition time of study interval, based on the domain of microfilic leaves and the presence of leaves and pollen grains related to Nothofagus. Finally, it should be highlighted that the pteridophytes (families Blechnaceae e Hymenophyllaceae), the cupressacea of genus Papuacedrus and the few morphotypes associated to Nothofagus described here, indicated the existence of a land connection between the Antarctic Peninsula and Australasia during the end of Cretaceous. Fri, 31 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4587 2012-08-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4564 Análise ambiental para implantação de distritos industriais com o uso do geoprocessamento no município de São Leopoldo - RS Baretta, Luciane Since the 19th century, cities have been passing through a transformation without precedents that is strongly related to the high acceleration of industrialization in great world centers. Since then processes of soil occupation and natural resources exploitation have evidenced a reality that shows no harmony with the concept of sustainable development, making it necessary a revaluation and replacement of the methods practiced in relation to planning the use of soil. Industrial Districts became important instruments which are used by the Public Power to induce economic decentralization and create new development poles. For this reason, the legislative process is an indispensable means to define the priorities in the uses of soil, also to conduct and follow the process of industrial registration. However, the Industrial District establishment shall not be analyzed by taking into account the economic factor only, but also the environmental issue of the enterprise. Thus, this research has the objective of determining adequate places for Industrial District implantation, having as a pilot area the city of São Leopoldo - RS. A Geographic Information System for the execution of spatial analysis and criteria creation on a large volume of environmental information will be used as a tool, which will be studied by Federal, State and Municipal legislation. The main information used on this research are: altimeter, hydrography, soil use, pedology, geology and infrastructure. The results will be visualized in scenarios modeled in accordance with the restrictions imposed upon the information, allowing at the end, to combine all scenarios and create the map that indicates the adequate places for Industrial Districts implantation. For São Leopoldo, around 58.99% of their total area, was considered Permanent Preservation Area (PPA), but 32.46% of these areas are occupied by buildings and reforestations. However, even proposing that more than a half of municipality total area must be preserved, was obtained as final result a considerable proportion of suitable areas for industrial districts implantation, where 31.69% were considered good and best, and 8.84% medium. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4564 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4476 Foraminíferos planctônicos e bentônicos do intervalo aptianoalbiano do DSDP Site 364 (bacia de Kwanza): taxonomia, bioestratigrafia, paleoecologia e implicações paleoceanográficas Kochhann, Karlos Guilherme Diemer This work presents a taxonomic, biostratigraphic and paleoecologic study on the planktic and benthic foraminiferal faunas recovered from the late Aptian-late Albian carbonatedominated succession of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 364, located in the Kwanza Basin (offshore Angola). Thirty planktic and 42 benthic foraminiferal species were identified herein. Based on planktic foraminiferal assemblages, the studied section was subdivided in a series of biozones, late Aptian to late Albian in age, from the Hedbergella trocoidea Zone to the Pseudothalmanninella ticinensis Zone. A remarkable unconformity was identified in core 31, spanning the latest early to earliest late Albian. The specific composition of the recovered planktic foraminiferal assemblages characterizes them as open marine epipelagic dwellers, and permits the suggestion of predominant mesotrophic to eutrophic environmental conditions throughout the studied stratigraphic succession. Aptian planktic foraminiferal assemblages present a significant Tethyan paleobiogeographic affinity, supporting a Tethyan surface-water influx into this restricted southeastern sector of the northern South Atlantic Ocean (north to the Walvis Ridge-Rio Grande Rise) back in the late Aptian. 13C trends, which have to be carefully interpreted due to possible diagenetic overprint, suggest a late Aptian age (Globigerinelloides algerianus Zone) for the stratigraphic interval from core 42 to about core 37, where Tethyan age-diagnostic foraminiferal species are missing, as well as that the black shale levels in cores 42-39 could be correlated to the “late Aptian anoxic event”. Among planktic foraminifera, a conspicuous faunal turnover occurs at the Aptian/Albian transition, characterized by high rates of extinctions followed by increasing rates of species originations and changes in tests’ architecture. Three benthic foraminiferal associations were identified, which seem to be mainly controlled by changes in paleobathymetry. Also, the studied benthic foraminiferal fauna could be classified as a Marssonella Association, probably related to neritic and upper bathyal paleodepths, also exhibiting a Tethyan paleobiogeographic affinity. Mon, 12 Nov 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4476 2012-11-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4461 Laser scanner terrestre: uma ferramenta eficaz para medidas de estruturas geológicas em afloramentos Souza, Marcelo Kehl de This study aimed to build a model to survey geological planar structures geometries by using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technique, specifically with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The area chosen for the survey and application of the proposed method is located at Incopel basalt quarry, in the town of Estância Velha, State of Rio Grande do Sul. The study covered a field survey with the determinations of planes attitude using compass and clinometer and digital images using LIDAR. Three methods were used to compute the selected planes in the point cloud, namely: Three Points, Planar Regression, and Moment of Inertia analysis. The methods were evaluated and compared to traditional methods of measurement (compass and clinometer). The Three Point method is quick and simple to measure planar geological structures orientation; however, it does not have any tool for quality analysis. The Planar Regression method proves to be effective in calculating the orientation of planes and features a tool for analyzing the degree of fit to the calculated plane. The Moment of Inertia presents minor measurement differences compared to traditional methods, and provides degree of fit and reliability analysis to the calculated plane, proving to be an efficient tool for processing the orientation of planes from points. Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4461 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4415 Arquitetura Estratigráfica de Corpos Arenosos Gerados Por Ondas e Marés no Bloco Central da Mina do Iruí (Formação Rio Bonito, eopermiano da Bacia do Paraná, RS) Kern, Henrique Parisi The stratigraphic framework of Early Permian sedimentation was constructed from the analyses of drillholes with drillcore recovery and geophysical profile. Five stratigraphic sections were developed in order to reach the whole study area, using as datum a radioactive peak existing in the interior of the Upper Iruí coal layer, and, when it is absent, in the pelitic lithologies laterally correlated. Maps of facies association were also built in order to represent, from top, the depositional pattern of the main stratigraphic level. In the sections, the sedimentary facies were spatially correlated and the main stratigraphic surfaces that boundary the sequences and/or the system tracts were identified. The Early Permian sequence corresponds to a great second order transgressive event, named as Central Iruí Depositional Sequence, subdivided in two third order depositional sequences separated by a subaerial unconformity. When analyzed in more detail, in fourth order, the sequence 1 is made up by three sequences, while sequence 2 is represented by two sequences. The evolution of the plain deposits behind the barrier is related to the development of strandplain, built by the longshore current, that capture the bay areas, generating lagoon systems behind the barrier. In the barrier itself, the sediments are reworked by waves and directed by the longshore current, that deposits the materials along the shore. Lens-shaped sand bodies generated by tide currents are intercalated to strandplain, generating features that are named here as estuarine embayment. The embayments show little area extension and are distributed parallel to the paleo-shore lines. In general, the foreshore and shoreface deposits show the Ichnofacies Skolithos and the transition to offshore deposits, the Ichnofacies Cruziana. Yet, the estuarine deposits contain both the Skolithos and the Cruziana, however with poor ichnogenres and indications of environmental stress. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4415 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4381 Classificação de padrões espectrais em dados LIDAR para a identificação de rochas em afloramentos Inocencio, Leonardo Campos The present study aimed to develop and implement a method for detection and classification of spectral signatures in point clouds obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanner in order to identify the presence of different rocks in outcrops and to generate a Digital Outcrop Model. To achieve this objective, a software based on cluster analysis was created, named K-Clouds. This software was developed through a partnership between UNISINOS and the company V3D. This tool was designed to, beginning with an analysis and interpretation of a histogram from a point cloud of the outcrop and subsequently indication of a number of classes provided by the user, process the intensity return values. This classified information can then be interpreted by geologists, to provide a better understanding and identification from the existing rocks in the outcrop. Beyond the detection of different rocks, this work was able to detect small changes in the physical-chemical characteristics of the rocks, as they were caused by weathering or compositional changes. Wed, 01 Aug 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4381 2012-08-01T00:00:00Z