http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1662 PPG Economia Wed, 15 Apr 2026 09:15:50 GMT 2026-04-15T09:15:50Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13889 Dimensões de proximidades em ecossistemas regionais de inovação emergentes: elementos para compreender seu funcionamento Silva, Jackson Dener Serafim The objective of this study is to analyze the configurations of proximity dimensions among actors operating within the Regional Innovation Ecosystem (ERI) of the Vales region in Rio Grande do Sul, based on the innovation support programs of the Secretariat of Innovation, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (SICT/RS). The research is grounded in the theoretical approach of proximity dimensions (geographic, cognitive, organizational, social, and institutional), as proposed by Boschma (2005), aiming to identify how these dimensions influence the dynamics of collaboration among ecosystem actors, while also considering potential barriers and lock-in effects that may arise throughout the process. The research problem guiding this work is as follows: how do the configurations of proximity dimensions contribute to understanding the functioning of an emerging innovation ecosystem? To answer this question, a qualitative methodology was adopted, based on content analysis of innovation projects funded by SICT/RS programs between 2020 and 2023. Data collection included the analysis of official project documents and in-depth interviews with coordinators of five projects. The triangulation of these sources enabled a detailed analysis of interactions among the key actors in the ERI of the Vales region. The results revealed that the proximity dimensions play distinct roles in building collaboration networks. Organizational proximity is driven by previous interinstitutional relationships, facilitating the integration of new projects and partners. However, cognitive proximity stands out as a crucial factor, as the technical qualification of the actors involved is essential for executing the more complex activities of the projects. This dimension also poses a barrier, as the difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified researchers, due to the low value of research grants, was a recurring issue. Social proximity, based on prior collaborations and trust ties, also proved to be a cohesive factor but simultaneously demonstrated the potential to create a lock-in effect, limiting the inclusion of new partners in the ecosystem. Institutional proximity was evident, as the rules and budgetary requirements imposed by SICT/RS created significant barriers, such as delays in purchasing equipment and reagents, hindering the fulfillment of project timelines. The interviews also revealed that municipal governments, as institutional partners, often struggle to align their bureaucratic processes with the innovative demands of the projects, posing additional challenges for carrying out planned activities. The discussion highlighted that, although the proximity dimensions are essential for the functioning of the ERI of the Vales, the barriers related to institutional and cognitive proximity represent obstacles that may compromise the ecosystem's sustainability in the long term. Greater flexibility in innovation policies, combined with a higher valuation of the human resources involved in the projects, could mitigate these challenges, promoting the development of a more dynamic and inclusive ecosystem. It is concluded that, for the ERI of the Vales to reach greater maturity, a coordinated effort among ecosystem actors is necessary to overcome the identified barriers, particularly regarding institutional and cognitive proximity. The inclusion of new mechanisms for trust-building and incentives for innovation within municipal governments and other local entities could expand the diversity of partnerships and strengthen the ecosystem, making it more resilient and better prepared to face innovation challenges in the regional context. Fri, 22 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13889 2024-11-22T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13586 Análise das parcerias entre universidades e empresas privadas na promoção de ecossistemas de startups inovadoras no Tecnosinos Schumacher, Luciane CONTEXT: Partnerships between universities and private companies play a crucial role in fostering innovation and supporting startup ecosystems. This study focuses on the Tecnosinos technology park, located at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), in São Leopoldo, Brazil, to examine how such partnerships can promote innovative startups. PROBLEM: While the reputation of Tecnosinos and its proximity to academia attract startups, these partnerships face challenges, including competition for talent, lack of interaction among stakeholders, and limited networking events. SOLUTION: The research uses qualitative methods, including case studies, semi-structured interviews with startup representatives, and analysis of related documents. It investigates the effectiveness of partnerships between universities and private companies in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship at Tecnosinos. PROPOSED METHOD: The study explores the experiences of different startups within Tecnosinos, focusing on their strategies, benefits, challenges, and the impact on innovation and business growth. The analysis also evaluates the integration between academia and industry to identify opportunities for improvement. RESULTS: The findings reveal that while startups appreciate the association with Tecnosinos and Unisinos for its credibility, they also report obstacles such as a lack of communication and limited collaboration. However, startups value the connection to academia and consider it beneficial for fostering innovation and enhancing business visibility. The study suggests that Tecnosinos aims to strengthen its position as a technology hub by expanding its physical facilities and creating additional spaces to foster collaboration. Wed, 08 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13586 2025-01-08T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13429 O plástico na indústria têxtil: os impactos de um imposto verde nas cinco macrorregiões do Brasil Rosa, Tatiane Bueno da Evaluated as one of the most plastic-intensive industries, due to the wide use of synthetic fibers from fossil origins, the textile industry is recognized as one of the main responsible for plastic pollution. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the potential of applying a green tax as a strategy to reduce the use of plastic by the textile and retail industry. To this end, a Computable General Equilibrium Model was developed, based on the GTAP model in version 11 that contains economic data from 2017, concomitantly with PAEG version 6. In this way, this study intends to analyze the effects generated by the introduction of the green tax in Social Well-Being, in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in industrial production, both on a global scale and in the context of the five Brazilian macro-regions. Given this, three tax shock scenarios were created, the first involved application of the tax on intermediate consumption of domestic and imported goods; the second the application of the tax to domestic production; and the third scenario, the tax was applied to domestic and imported consumption by private agents. The sectors analyzed were Chemicals, Rubber and Plastic Industry (CRP), Textile (TEX) and Clothing (WAP). The results achieved in the World region indicate a reduction in the level of global industrial production of the order of -0.07% in the Chemicals, Rubber and Plastic Industry (CRP) sector, in the Textile (TEX) sector of -2.05% and of Clothing (WAP) of -2.68%, with a decline in GDP of 0.05%, around UD$ -43.56 billion dollars per year, as well as in Social Welfare of -0.11% , around UD$ -54.14 billion dollars per year. In the Brazilian scenario, GDP showed a decline in GDP of UD$ - 0.43 billion dollars per year, as well as Social Welfare of UD$ - 1.79 billion dollars per year. In the context of the five Brazilian macro-regions, production in the Chemicals, Rubber and Plastic Industry (CRP) sector showed the biggest drop in the South region -0.31%, in the Textile sector (TEX) the Southeast region had a reduction in the level of production of -4.90%, and in the Clothing sector (WAP) the South region presented the lowest growth of 1.05%. Evidence suggests that implementing a green tax may be a viable strategy to reduce the use of plastic by the textile and retail industry. This study contributes to the empirical literature, as it evaluates the application of the green tax as an environmental policy tool, analyzing it in the global and regional context of Brazil. Additionally, it reinforces the importance of proactive strategies on the part of the textile and clothing industry, to coordinate its practices with social expectations of sustainability, ensuring its perpetuity in the face of numerous emerging environmental challenges. Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13429 2024-03-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13428 A relação entre os ciclos de investimentos público e o investimento privado do Brasil no período de 1996 a 2022: uma análise empírica Birck, Renan This study seeks to investigate the relationship between public investment cycles and private investments in machinery and equipment in Brazil from 1996 to 2022. Initially, a review of the theoretical concepts from the main economic schools regarding investment determinants is conducted, along with presenting hypotheses on the complementarity between public and private investments. From an empirical standpoint, the work adopts different approaches to explore the dynamics between public and private investment cycles. Utilizing the Markov Regime-Switching Model, the cycles of public investments are initially identified. Subsequently, the State-Space Model is applied to analyze the series of apparent consumption of machinery and equipment, identifying and correcting significant distortions caused by Petrobras's oil platform imports in the years 2018 and 2021. This adjustment is crucial for a more accurate understanding of the real impact on private investments. Finally, analyses conducted with Vector Autoregression (VAR) models complement the research, highlighting the crowding-in phenomenon during the most extended public investment cycle, as well as during specific periods focused on infrastructure. These models offer a detailed analysis of how periods of public investment expansion could positively influence private investments. The findings indicate that the increase in public spending, especially on infrastructure, has driven private investments in machinery and equipment throughout the studied period, underscoring the importance of these expenditures for the economy. Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13428 2024-03-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13175 Perspectivas e desafios para a indústria brasileira de máquinas e implementos agrícolas no mercado africano Copetti, Thiago Kern Identify opportunities and threats to Brazilian exports in the segment of agricultural machinery and implements to the African continent, a market in which national manufacturers have consolidated themselves as a relevant player since the 2000s and where they still direct part of their commercial strategies and bets for the future, is the objective of this research. After representing 10.3% of the sector's shipments in 2015, the share of sales to Africa fell to 4.4% in 2022. Unlike Brazil, countries such as Germany, China and India accelerated their sales to the continent, signaling that national manufacturers would be losing the ground gained, especially between the years 2000 and 2010. The strengthening of new competitors, such as Turkey, would also be a factor in market loss, as would international investments in the production of equipment more suited to agricultural production conditions. African, as well as soil – which was initially one of the main factors of Brazilian differentiation. The study conducted using qualitative methods, with an emphasis on semi-structured interviews and document analysis as a form of data triangulation regarding the perceptions of the national manufacturers. As a marketing objective, this study sought to verify the strategic movements that have been adopted by global manufacturers competing in this market and possible improvement points for the resumption of sales, such as the provision of maintenance services in more remote areas, a recurring complaint among local producers, as well as studying the machine rental and sharing segment, an African characteristic and potential generator of new business. Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13175 2024-04-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13174 Os impactos econômicos de uma integração comercial entre Brasil-China, Brasil-UE e Brasil-EUA por meio do modelo de equilíbrio geral computável: uma análise da produção, do comércio e do bem-estar Kohl, Natália Rafaela The objective of this study is to analyze the economic impacts of a possible commercial integration of Brazil with its main trading partners – China, EU and USA – on production, trade and well-being. To analyze these effects, the general equilibrium model computable through the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), in its version 10, which is based on the year 2014, was used in the study. Two scenarios were proposed, one being short long-term, with a 50% reduction in import tariffs, and a longterm one, with the total elimination of tariff barriers. The sectors were aggregated according to the degree of technological intensity proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results showed that the BrazilChina agreement would be the most attractive for the country. The commercial partnership would bring an increase in production in the primary products sector, in which Brazil has comparative advantages, and an increase in well-being for Brazilian society. Mon, 11 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13174 2024-03-11T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13173 O papel das parcerias público-privadas e concessões no setor de saneamento básico: o impacto na eficiência técnica das operadoras de água e esgoto Dias, Rafael Bregolin The Sixth Sustainable Development Goal of the UN's 2030 Agenda, established in 2015, focuses on universalizing access to sewage collection and potable water. In the Brazilian context, in 2020, the new regulatory framework for basic sanitation (Law 14,026/2020) was enacted, aiming to provide flexibility and broaden guarantees to foster the participation of private companies in this sector. This study aims to analyze the technical cost efficiency of services provided by companies operating in the basic sanitation sector, focusing on investigating the impact on municipalities with the presence of private capital through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and concessions. The data used for this analysis were obtained from the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) database for 2023, covering a sample of 2,355 service providers from 2000 to 2022. Regarding the presence of concessions and PPPs, data provided by the Brazilian Association of Private Concessionaires of Public Water and Sewage Services (ABCON SINDICON) for 2023 were considered, revealing that 526 Brazilian cities already adopt some form of PPP or concession for water supply, sewage treatment, or both services. The methodology employed in this study was based on stochastic frontier analysis, using a variable cost function with the main variables related to water and sewage production. This was estimated using panel data to identify persistent and variable inefficiencies present in sanitation sector companies. Regarding variable inefficiency, a reduction trend was observed in companies adopting the partial concessions and PPPs model, suggesting that these partnership forms may contribute to improvements in operational efficiency over time. This can be seen where, after the enactment of the new regulatory framework in 2020, a positive trend was observed, highlighted by the increase in the coefficient from -0.002 in 2020 to -0.019 in 2023. However, only partial water concessions showed a statistically significant impact on reducing total variable costs, with a coefficient of -33.43, despite Battese and Coelli's tests (1988) resulting in 93.33% in partial water PPPs indicating on average lower inefficiency compared to other contractual forms involving private initiative. Additionally, in the analysis of persistent inefficiency, it was evident that there are still considerable challenges to be overcome in terms of management and operation of sanitation companies. The persistence of inefficiency highlights the continuous need for improvement and implementation of effective practices in the sector. In summary, this study provides insights into understanding the impact of private participation in the sanitation sector, highlighting areas of progress and persistent challenges. Continuous collaboration between the academic community and sector professionals is essential to develop effective solutions that promote universal access to basic sanitation services, in line with the objectives of the new sanitation regulatory framework and those of the UN's 2030 Agenda. Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13173 2024-03-14T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13171 Capital humano e desenvolvimento econômico: um estudo de mercados emergentes e economias em desenvolvimento, com ênfase no Brasil Souza, Évelyn Santos de Human capital is a determinant factor for growth and economic development and for the competitiveness of national companies in the international market. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between human capital and economic development in emerging markets and in developing economies, with emphasis on Brazil. For this analysis, two indices directly related to the study subject were addressed, which are the Human Capital Index (HCI), calculated by The World Bank, and The Global Human Capital Index (GHCI), calculated by The World Economic Forum. The analysis of the indices addressed in this study allowed the evaluation of human capital evolution in these countries, and especially in Brazil. It was possible to conclude that the challenges include high rates of functional illiteracy, educational performance below the average in relation to other emerging countries, and socioeconomic disparities. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these issues, particularly impacting the quality of education. The study suggests strategies, including improvement in the quality of education, development of skills relevant to work, promotion of equality in education, expansion and valorization of vocational education, and programs to insert young people into the job market. This will not only strengthen human capital, but also boost economic growth and prosperity in the country. Fri, 12 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13171 2024-07-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13169 A inserção dos imigrantes no mercado de trabalho formal no município de Porto Alegre (RS) Oliveira, Cláudio Henrique da Silva de The objective of the study is to analyze the insertion of immigrants in the formal job market in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, from 2011 to 2024. Through bibliographic review and qualitative research, it was possible to identify the immigrant profile in the formal job market in Porto Alegre. Difficulties and challenges in their insertion and adaptation into work activities and society were also verified, as well as the average income received from the activities. Finally, another important piece of information found was the area that employs the most immigrants. The results revealed that immigration occurs from different countries of origin to Brazil, specifically in Porto Alegre. However, the data shows relevance for immigrants from South and Central America, as well as Africa. Most of them have secondary and higher education levels. The majority are between 25 and 39 years old. The semi-structured interviews and the sociodemographic questionnaire presented among the main difficulties encountered by them: learning the language and validating the diploma. These two difficulties are related to the opinion of the interviewees, who report that immigrants, even with qualified training, are hired for positions with lower salaries. Furthermore, the results showed that immigrants are concentrated in functions linked to commerce, industry, surveillance and food services. Tue, 19 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13169 2024-03-19T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13168 Determinantes do investimento no Brasil Vieira, Atos Ramon By checking fluctuations in aggregate income, it is possible to indicate investment as the most important element for economic growth. Investment has an impact both on the supply side (through installed capacity) and on the demand side, when it increases the population's income, providing constant economic growth. In Brazil, we noticed a constant drop in the investment rate (in the investment/GDP ratio), which since the 1990s has had an average of less than 20%. This fact may be related to the instability of Brazilian economic growth. Based on this, the dissertation aims to analyze the determinants of private investment in Brazil in the period from 2001 to 2022. However, the related work will consider how to invest the gross formation of fixed capital, not taking into account variations in stocks. Furthermore, the approach will be in relation to private spending on capital goods, excluding public investment from the analysis, due to its instability. For a better understanding in relation to the demand for investment, we first sought to delve deeper into the main theoretical concepts, in the approaches: traditional, Keynesian and Kalecian. The main works that dealt with the topic of investment determinants were then explained. After this basis, a methodology was developed, which dealt with the estimates and problems of a time series econometric model, in the format of Autoregressive Vectors (VAR), such as the variables selected to compose the aforementioned model. After theoretical and methodological investigations, statistical tests are run to analyze the results. From the impulse-response test, two variables had a corresponding effect on private investment (PRIV): household consumption (CONS) and installed capacity utilization (CAP). On the other hand, it was tested whether there was an effect of the apparent consumption of machinery and equipment (PRIV), on the economic activity level variables (CONS and CAP). The test result showed that variations in household consumption and use of installed capacity reacted to PRIV. Finally, the conclusion of the study proved that the Kaleckian theory is the closest in relation to the determinants of investment, according to the results found. Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13168 2024-03-22T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12927 Variáveis condicionantes e seus reflexos na taxa de ocupação hoteleira midscale na cidade de São Paulo: uma abordagem com a utilização de vetor autorregressivo Polito, Vítor Inda The study approaches the prominent role of business tourism in the Brazilian economy, with a special focus on São Paulo. The study emphasizes the relevance of spending on hospitality, reflected in the hotel occupancy rate, especially in the midscale segment, in order to boost the business tourism sector. The structure includes the context of business tourism in São Paulo and its economic relevance, emphasizing the importance of understanding the variables that affect the hotel occupancy rate. The main objective is to analyze the influence of this rate in relation to several explanatory variables, aiming to understand their interrelationships and explain their behavior. The methodology chosen is the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, widely used in economics and finance to analyze interdependent time series. The impulse response function is employed to understand how shocks or disturbances in one variable can affect the behavior of other variables in the system. It was possible to certify that an impulse in the average economic daily rate with a response in the midscale occupancy rate revealed that a structural shock in the price of the economic sector has a positive impact on the occupancy rate. The influence of shocks at the Economic Activity Index from the Central Bank's on the misdcale occupancy rate was also intuitive, demonstrating that economic activity has a crucial role in hotel operations, with a positive impact. Another intuitive result is related to the boost in the midscale average daily rate, as it allows us to infer a negative impact on the midscale occupancy rate, since the demand of a good is affected by price variations. Hotel managers can benefit from the study by allocating resources efficiently and forecasting the demand based on objective techniques and methodologies. Mon, 25 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12927 2023-09-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12813 O Plano ABC no Rio Grande do Sul: a mitigação das emissões através dos investimentos do Plano ABC Amaral, Gustavo Rinaldi do This dissertation investigates greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the agricultural sector of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, analyzing the correlations between investments from the Low Carbon Agriculture Plan (Plano Agricultura de Baixo Carbono or Plano ABC) and variations in emissions over time. Using data from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimates System (SEEG) and integrating information from various public sources, including emissions, Plano ABC investments, gross value added, municipal agricultural production, and effective livestock, this research sought to understand the effectiveness of the Plano ABC in mitigating atmospheric emissions. The adopted methodology involved the location, identification, and organization of various data, composed of relevant information. To identify the cities that emitted the most in 2019, the last year of the Plano ABC, the data was segmented into samples of 10 cities, taking into account different agricultural crops and animal classes. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of emissions was conducted, segmented between Agriculture and Livestock, between the cities that benefited from the credits made available by the Plano ABC and those that did not. By examining the correlations between Plano ABC investments and emissions over the plan's duration, this research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of actions in the agricultural context. The results highlight the complexity of interactions between different factors and point to the ongoing need for research and monitoring to fully assess the impact of these initiatives on reducing GHG emissions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Mon, 25 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12813 2023-09-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12615 O ciclo de preços das commodities e a sua influência no investimento privado brasileiro no período 2003-2022 Kubiack, Marco Lima The beginning of the 2000s was marked by a long period of high commodity prices, as a result many emerging countries, including Brazil, experienced an unprecedented period of constant and sustainable growth, which lasted about of a decade. The present work intends to explain this phenomenon through the impact of this commodity price cycle on Brazilian Private Investment between the years 2003 to 2022. The econometric methodology employed allows extracting the cycle of high commodity prices and evaluate its impact on macroeconomic variables, such as Private Investment. Therefore, an attempt was made to construct a specific index for the Brazilian Commodity Export Basket. It was possible to verify that in a cycle of high prices, private investment is positively impacted, as well as other variables, such as economic activity and inflation, while the exchange rate is negatively impacted. These considerations make it possible to infer the magnitude of these impacts, in addition to the transmission channels of these shocks through the different macroeconomic variables, in addition it allows us to reflect on the degree of dependence of the Brazilian Economy on Commodity Price Cycles. Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12615 2023-03-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12488 Efeitos da disrupção logística global: uma análise por meio do modelo de equilíbrio geral computável Estima, Rodrigo Carneiro The Covid-19 pandemic caused a global logistical disruption that raised transport costs to very high levels, and reignited the discussion on globalization, international trade and the internationalization of production chains. This work proposes the simulation of a global logistics disruption, in order to analyze the effects on countries and regions in terms of economics: production, well-being and international trade. A shock is applied to global logistics using the computable general equilibrium model (GTAP 10). In the proposed scenario, all regions analyzed would experience a reduction in well-being, there would be a reduction in production and international trade, with a more relevant worsening in countries where the economy is more dependent on international trade. The proposed shock has effects similar to protectionist actions and has effects contrary to globalization. Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12488 2023-03-15T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12486 O papel da linguagem nas dinâmicas organizacionais da firma: um ensaio teórico acerca do papel da linguagem no processo de inovação tecnológica Fontanive, Francisco Nunes This work is a product of epistemological questioning and the result of a theoric and multidisciplinary aproximation exercise. The effort here exercised has an exploratory nature and seeks to establish interfaces between a relevant debate about the role of language in human perception and cognition with the discussions in the field of evolutionary economics. This way, the work has realized a theoretical interdisciplinary model to better analyze economic phenomena through the lenses of language. Having realized the theoretical model, the work proposes to apply it in the analysis of papers, whose selection criteria respects the epistemical norms developed throughout the study. This exercise seeks to demonstrate the validity of the findings shown in the theoretical model, in addition to bring to light the importance of whidening the theoretical horizon of the economical fields of study. The paper analysis shows the analytical capability that derives from the exercise made here. It is possible to see language as a important factor institutional inertia, aswell as the technological lock-in. Another relevant topic is the local rationality, structured by language, as a relevant point for the understanding of the development of technological trajectories. Since this work has is a theoretical exercise with na exploratory nature, it’s analytical capacity is minimal and the findigs may not be extrapolated to any practical application at first. The application in the analysis of papers, however, demonstrates a path to a more critical view of the bibliography in economics, with a special attention to the theory of the firm and the evolutionary field of economics. Tue, 28 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12486 2023-03-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12169 O programa Mais Médicos e o impacto no Sistema Único de Saúde Neves Neto, Rubens das Primary Care, the gateway for most users to the Unified Health System (SUS), has a strong relationship with preventive medicine, where there is a strong focus on preventing and controlling the population's illness. However, the SUS, since its creation, has demonstrated profound difficulties in offering care to the Brazilian population, impacting the services provided. Thus, over the years, programs were created with the aim of strengthening Primary Care, the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) being one of them. In this sense, this study evaluates the effect of the Mais Médicos Program, specifically the Emergency Provision axis, on ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalizations (ICSAP). For this, a more recent public policy evaluation method, developed by Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021), was used, aiming to have a greater robustness of the causal effect generated by the PMM. It was found that the Mais Médicos Program initially impacted an increase in the rate of ambulatory care sensitive conditions hospitalizations, with a downward trend over the years. The discussion based on this result suggests that the greater availability of medical professionals impacted on an increase in the demand for consultations and, consequently, on an increase in hospitalizations. Mon, 14 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12169 2022-11-14T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12168 O impacto da MPV nº 950/2020 no consumo de energia elétrica Michels, Álisson Martinelli This work analyzes the expansion of the Social Electricity Tariff (TSEE) discount granted by Provisional Measure No. 950/2020. From the database made available by the Companhia Estadual de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica (CEEE-D), a electricity distribution company, the Twoway Fixed Effects method was used to investigate the impact on electricity consumption on the occasion of public policy. We estimate an average positive causal impact of 3.05%, which represents an increase of 1,266 MWh in electricity consumption in the CEEE-D concession area, or R$ 1,003,307.00. Provisional Measure No. 950 benefited 94,508 consumer units (CU) in that same region, with an average monthly cost of R$68.73 per CU - which represents 10.16% of the amount transferred monthly to the Auxílio Emergencial beneficiaries, a emergency aid policy. Based on data from the Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF), a household budget survey, we retrieved the amounts spent on electricity consumption for the first four income brackets and performed a well-being analysis. We argue that the increase in the discount on electricity consumption, when reverted in monetary terms, was used for the consumption of other goods - however, we concluded that 55.04% of beneficiaries would be better served by a uniform income transfer policy in the amount of R$ 68.73, equal to the average cost of the program. We point out, therefore, that public policy is unequal, favoring consumer units with higher average consumption of electricity and, therefore, higher income. Wed, 16 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12168 2022-11-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11900 Crise e transformação do paradigma econômico contemporâneo: uma contextualização do debate recente sobre o fim do neoliberalismo Pietrobelli, Bernardo The crises and instabilities in the global economy from the late 1990s onwards seem to have revealed the weaknesses and limitations of the neoliberal hegemony. More than that, these occasions gave rise to hypotheses that predicted the overcoming of the economic paradigm in force since the late 1970s. The main objective of this dissertation is to present and contextualize the recent debate on the end of neoliberalism - especially in the light of the financial collapse of 2008, the crisis of the coronavirus pandemic and the transformations, trends and counter-reactions that are typical of neoliberalism. By reviewing academic articles, books, institutional reports and media vehicles it is possible to verify how complex, sometimes paradoxical, but always adaptable is its nature. The provisional overcoming of those ruptures seems to have reaffirmed the role of the State as an enabling entity for capital accumulation. It is not, therefore, the withdrawal of the State from the economy – but the reorientation of its economic activism and the renewal of votes in favor of the logic of markets, financial globalization and the dogma of competition. The economic prescription of the neoliberal booklet seems to have reoriented State action, to which Marxist and sociological strands lend different conceptions and understand that crises are fertile grounds for neoliberalism to justify and ilimit itself. Wed, 31 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11900 2022-08-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11846 Impacto econômico do Brexit por meio do modelo de equilíbrio geral computável: uma análise dos efeitos das barreiras não tarifárias Soares, Marcos Vinícios dos Santos In 2016, UK citizens went to the polls to vote on whether or not the country would remain in the European Union (EU). This process, named Brexit, marked the history of the European bloc, as it was the first time that a country requested its departure. The aim of this study is to assess the impacts on production, international trade and well-being in the UK and EU, from the consolidation of Brexit. In this research, the computable general equilibrium model was used, using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, version 10, in order to simulate the impacts on production, trade and well-being for the economies directly involved, considering non-tariff barriers (NTBs). The results revealed that the United Kingdom would be the most affected by the rupture, with a reduction in the volume of traded goods, a drop in domestic production and a decrease in welfare – a drop in allocative efficiency and a deterioration in the terms of trade. It was identified that the EU would also be harmed by Brexit, but to a lesser extent due to its large common market. It was also observed that other regions would obtain trade and welfare advantages, such as the USA, China, Japan, Brazil, Latin America, Brazil and the Commonwealth. Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11846 2022-03-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11419 Instituições e poder: o efeito da geada de 1975 sobre instituições locais Hoppe, Fernando Luiz Gewehr This thesis analyses how a climatic event that occurred in 1975 in the Brazilian state of Paraná altered the political balance of those municipalities affected by the phenomenon. By studying the black frost that destroyed the coffee industry in Paraná, this work studies its impact on local elites through indicators of political concentration, built with electoral data of municipalities from Paraná and the state of São Paulo. With this information, the effect is used as a tool to study the impact of political changes on the institutional quality of these locations. Traditionally, the production of agricultural commodities for export would be denoted by strong political and economic concentration, but the results suggest the inexistence of an effect like the one theorized for a situation of institutional capture. The point estimates, although not significant, point to an increase in political concentration in the municipalities affected by the frost of 1975, if such an effect exists. Currently, this change in the political balance could be reflected in worse indicators of public administration and de facto political power distribution. The discussion based on these results suggests that the context prior to the frost was one of lower land concentration and greater distribution of de facto power, which would explain the increase in concentration after 1975. Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11419 2022-03-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11309 Os efeitos dos acordos regionais e multilaterais de comércio sobre as exportações dos países menos desenvolvidos do mundo Santos, Robson Cesar Avila dos This study proposes to evaluate the effect of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), of the accession to the WTO and of the regional agreements in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) trade, considering the intensive and extensive trade margins. Using the PPML estimator in the traditional gravitational model and using bilateral 6-digit trade data (SH6), it was mainly identified that (i) the GSP had a positive and significant influence on the diversification of exports in the Least Developed Countries group; (ii) the effects of accession to the WTO also supported the diversification of exports, but to a lesser extent; (iii) regional trade agreements played no role in the reference specifications. Significant effects of the GSP and the accession to the WTO were also observed in an asymmetric way when evaluating in detail the sectors involved, with greater effect in the Ore and Textile sector. When unfolding the assessments for the LDC graduation status, it was observed that countries that are in the process of graduation benefit from intra-group agreements, maintaining the positive effect of the GSP and the WTO for countries that are not yet elected to graduation. Deepening the analysis for the geographic location and the effect behavior of multilateral agreements over time, it appears that Asian LDCs benefit from regional trade agreements, the GSP has a lasting general effect and the condition of accession to the WTO proves to be significant in the first nine years of the analyzed period. Wed, 30 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11309 2022-03-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11306 O efeito China na competitividade internacional da indústria brasileira: uma análise pela complementaridade de comércio dos países parceiros Steffen, Nadine Führ Over the last decades, there have been significant ongoing transformations in the profile and dimension of relations between countries. The prevailing theoretical concepts are challenged, and new contributions are presented based on empirical ob-servation, thus giving more emphasis to the role of demand in the productive and com-mercial configuration, as well as a determinant of the competitive position of industries and countries worldwide. In this context, the virtuous expansion performed by China stands out, through significant growth rates in foreign trade and industrial production. As argued by Módulo and Hiratuka (2017), China's dynamism in exports of industrial-ized products creates challenges and opportunities for other countries, especially those seeking to maintain a relevant industrial structure. Among the challenges, the competition of the country's exports with Chinese exports in third markets stands out. The objective of the present work is based on this, which is to measure the effect of the competitiveness of Chinese exports of industrialized products on the competitive-ness of Brazilian exports of the same products. To reach the objective, an interaction indicator between China's market share in Brazil's partner country and the comple-mentarity of trade of the same country with China and the United States was built. As a general hypothesis, it is suggested that the effect of China on Brazil's competitive-ness may vary according to the trade complementarity of the partner country, with a greater effect expected when trade complementarity is greater with China than with the United States. Only industrialized products are treated, and 35 countries are part of the sample, observed from 2000 to 2019. As methodology, panel data models are proposed with application of the instrumental variables estimator from the Generalized Method of Moments (IV-GMM). The results validate the hypothesis when the partner's trade complementarity with China is higher, evidencing the occurrence of competitive effects of China on Brazil, in the sense of loss of market share in industrialized products in third markets. Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11306 2022-03-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11305 O processo de governança e coordenação das cadeias produtivas de aves e suínos no Rio Grande do Sul Said, Fouad Fabio El Beitune The study presented in this dissertation proposes an analysis of the governance and coordination process of poultry and swine production chains in Rio Grande do Sul. Aspects of governance and coordination of those chains were identified confronting theoretical support found in literature with data from agents who experienced various stages of this process. This study preferred an exploratory investigation and qualitative research methodology aiming to understand the forms of governance and coordination within these chains of production. As a result, it was found that integrated companies exercise a large part of the governance and coordination. Different types of governance and coordination were identified among the participating links in the poultry and swine production chains. Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11305 2022-03-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11293 Uma análise da dinâmica do mercado de trabalho do Rio Grande do Sul nas recessões do Século XXI Noschang, Cristian André The recent Brazilian recessive economic cycles analyzed, starting in 2008 and the second in 2014 and ending in the fourth quarter of 2016, according to the Economic Cycles Dating Committee (Codace), have been identified as one of the worst in the country's history, both in terms of point of view of its duration as well as the magnitude of its effects. Structural indicators of the labor market reveal a record growth in the unemployment rate, in addition to the increase in informality, where there is usually a predominance of more precarious jobs compared to those existing in the regulated market. In this context, this dissertation investigates the impacts resulting from the economic crisis on the determinants of wage pressure, turnover and wage differences, using data from CAGEDE and RAIS in the period from 2007 to 2019, where it is observed that the mesoregion most affected by pressure salary and turnover is in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, this impact on the mesoregion is observed in the analysis by region. Through the Bry-Boschan algorithm, the recessions of this period are identified and, using the Oaxaca-Blinder method, an attempt is made to analyze the magnitude of this wage differential, which showed that the first recessions presented a higher average level of salary to those who maintained the employment, in the last recession there was a reduction in the average salary, where the unexplained component reflects this reduction pressured by the education variable. Fri, 18 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11293 2022-03-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10872 Análise do mercado acionário norte-americano e brasileiro no contexto das medidas de quantitative easing Padão, Lucas Wallau The aim of this study is to perform a descriptive analysis of how QE programs impacted real and non-real variables in the US economy, and to examine the effects of these policies on stock prices in the US and Brazil using the Event Study methodological model to determine excessive returns in the price of these assets, from 2008 to 2021. Therefore, the following indices were taken into account: the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Bovespa Index (IBOVESPA), National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) and Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P500) indices were considered. ), which comprehensively represent the behavior of the American and Brazilian stock markets. As main results, it was possible to observe results consistent with the literature regarding the average excess return calculated for the following indexes for the QE1, QE2 and QE3 programs: S&P500 0.74%, DJIA 0.63%, NASDAQ 0.60% , IBOVESPA 0.97%, corroborating the thesis that QE policies had a positive impact on stock prices in the North American and Brazilian markets. Furthermore, it was possible to observe that the valuation of assets, in the context of the QE1, QE2 and QE3 policies, affected Brazil more significantly. The results for returns considering the QE4 program were: S&P500 -0.65%, DJIA -0.69%, NASDAQ -0.55%, IBOVESPA -0.80%. However, it is important to qualify that these returns, as they were initially calculated, may have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis, which, exactly at that time, began to spread to several countries in an increasingly intense manner, including the USA and Brazil. If that's the case, then the assumptions needed to use the Event Study would be violated, so the effects of advertisements on returns could not be isolated. Considering, therefore, the months of April/2020, May/2020 and June/2020, when the variation in the daily average of new cases of COVID-19 remains relatively constant, it is possible to see positive results for excess average returns: S&P500 0.33%, DJIA 0.37%, NASDAQ 0.62%, IBOVESPA 0.54%. Mon, 29 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10872 2021-11-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10589 O comércio mundial de carne bovina: competitividade e efeitos do livre comércio entre Brasil e UE por meio de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável Marques, Eraldo Maciel Cândido The objective of the study is to analyze the competitiveness and export specialization of Brazil in the world beef market, between 2000 and 2020, in comparison to the largest world exporters, and the degree of concentration of Brazilian exports, in addition to evaluating how the deepening of the Preferential trade relations between Brazil and the European Union (EU) would affect the Brazilian meat sector. The methodology used was based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index, the Export Specialization Index, the Concentration Ratio and the computable General Equilibrium Model, using the Global Trade Analysis Project database (GTAP), version 10. The results confirmed the importance of a free trade agreement between Brazil and the EU, and the economic advantages obtained by both, in production, exports and well-being. Thu, 30 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10589 2021-09-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10288 Análise dos fluxos de conhecimento existentes entre universidades e instituições científicas brasileiras e atores internacionais na área da saúde humana Flores, Rosane Becker The conducted research has its focus on the analysis of knowledge flows between Brazilian universities and scientific institutions and international actors in the area of human health. The relevance of this study lies in understanding the mechanisms of construction and transfer of knowledge generated by Brazilian universities and scientific institutions from the interactions established with international actors. These flows are understood as important elements for scientific and technological progress. The research problem investigated, therefore, is: what are the characteristics of knowledge flows between research groups in the area of human health of Brazilian universities and international partners and what is their importance for developing countries like Brazil? The methodology used was based on secondary data analysis. The database used was the Directory of Research Groups (DGP) of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Data were collected from the 2016 DGP Census and, complementarily, from the current base, by means of the SQL Server database system. Several characteristics regarding the research groups were analyzed, being centrally: the main types of partners and their geographical distribution, the types of relationship and remuneration. The results pointed out, in terms of volume of interactions, that the research groups in the area of human health that claimed to interact with international partners were fewer in number (382) in relation to the groups that claimed to interact with national partners (1,922). Likewise, the number of interactions (660) established by these groups was lower than the total number of interactions (4,191) with national partners. This finding informs that the mechanisms of construction and transfer of knowledge of the Brazilian research groups analyzed occur mostly within the national territory, highlighting that there is an important local knowledge base. It can also be inferred that those international partners are present in the knowledge construction process in the area and this fact deserves attention. The main partners of the interactions are the Universities; and the firms and hospitals have a very small participation in these interactions. The main health areas that concentrate the research groups that interact with international players are Collective Health and Medicine. The main types of relationships found were scientific research without and with considerations of immediate use of the results and training of personnel of the group by the partner and of the partner by the group. In terms of remuneration, interactions are aimed at partnerships without the transfer of resources or qualification of human resources between partners. In terms of the direction of the flows, the Brazilian research groups that interact with international actors, in their majority, are public universities located in the southeastern and southern regions of the country, corroborating with the literature in the area presents regarding the distribution of interactive research groups in the national territory, as well as regarding the development of regional innovation systems. The established partnerships are centered on the North-South relationship, with an emphasis on partnerships with actors from North America and Europe, and most of the partners are located in the United States. In terms of comparison of a specific set of interactive research groups (154) between 2016 and the current base, it could be noticed that the number of interactions with international partners increased, indicating certain strengthening of this type of flow for the construction of knowledge in the area of human health and highlighting its importance. The directions of the flows remained centered on North-South relations. Wed, 21 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10288 2021-07-21T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10052 Análise do efeito do distanciamento social nos níveis de emprego setorial Teixeira, Simone Matos dos Santos This research aimed to analyze the effect of social distancing on sectoral employment levels in Brazilian States in the year of 2020. The databases were composed by the sectoral employment stock (CNAE 2.0, in 03 digits) in Brazilian States (26 States and the Federal District), the database used to survey the employment stock in the years 2018-2019 was RAIS, a database of employment stock in 2020-2021 was requested from the Ministery of Economy through the SIC. The Shift-share Model was used in the data analysis in order to verify the dynamics of sectors in employment levels and capture the distancing effect on the sectors and regions studied. The results pointed to sectorial employment higher rates, mainly in commerce sectors and a decrease in sectors associated with public administration. They also highlighted locational advantages in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Cataria and Rio Grande do Sul which, despite high isolation rates in the first half of 2020, achieved positive results in sectorial employment. Thu, 05 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10052 2021-08-05T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9763 A integração comercial entre China e asiáticos e os ganhos competitivos em terceiros mercados Linck, Priscila Since China's accession to the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 2001, the country has significantly expanded its participation in world trade, becoming the world's largest exporter in 2009. This movement brought a series of concerns and questions about the competitiveness of countries in international trade, mainly Asian, in view of the dependence of their economies on exports. At the same time, it is argued that the commercial integration of Asian countries with China, along with the expansion of the market, may have generated an increase in the competitiveness of Asian countries in international trade, due to efficiency gains and economies of scale. The empirical study presented in this dissertation aimed to measure the effect of the competitiveness of Chinese exports on the competitiveness of exports from the countries of East Asia and Southeast Asia, likewise India, considering the intra-industrial trade of the respective countries with China, in the period from 2000 to 2019. In other words, we tried to test the hypothesis that the Asian countries' trade integration with China prevents them from losing international competitiveness due to the increase in Chinese competitiveness in international trade. In order to achieve this goal, panel data models were estimated using the estimator of Blundell de Bond (1998), GMM-SYS, for industrial products segmented into four sectoral taxonomies of Pavitt (1984), the variable of interest being an interaction between China's market-share in third markets and the China Intra-Industry Trade Index with Asian countries. The results confirm the hypothesis that the intra-industry trade of Asian countries with China increases the market-share of Asian exports in international trade, together with an increase in the Chinese exports market-share. In addition, the size of competitive gains varies between industrial sectors, being greater in sectors that arescale intensive. Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9763 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9762 Os efeitos heterogêneos das barreiras não tarifárias sobre as exportações latino-americanas de produtos agrícolas Silva, Carla Mendonça Suello da With the tariff reductions that have occurred in the last decades, both in developing and developed countries, non-tariff barriers have started to play an important role in international trade and have received more attention from institutions and commercial policy makers. The European Union has frequently used this trade policy instrument, especially in agricultural products, goods that Latin America is competitive. In this regard, this study analyses the impact of non-tariff barriers on imports from the European Union of agricultural products exported by Latin America, six-digit level of Harmonized System, in the period from 2010 to 2018. For this, the gravitational model was estimated using Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood and three effects. It was found that the non-tariff barriers that came into force between 2010 and 2018, on average, reduced exports from Latin America’s agricultural products by 62.2%. However, the restriction imposed by non-tariff barriers on Brazilian exports is greater than the average imposed on other Latin American countries. In addition, tariff and non-tariff barriers have asymmetric effects between the chapters of the harmonized system. These results are robust, since they are not conditioned to the model specification or inference made. Fri, 26 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9762 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9567 Eficiência bancária e inadimplência: testes de causalidade a partir de Basiléia II Lemos, Claudia Mendonça According to Basel (2006), by adhering to self-regulation rules, financial institutions improve their credit granting processes and policies, minimizing the risk of bad loans, which are in default, resulting in greater efficiency in their activity. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between bank efficiency and bank defaults, in a scenario of adherence to the Basel II International Agreement. For this purpose, the Granger causality test for panel data was applied to a database, extracted from the Central Bank of Brazil, relating to the 50 largest banks in equity, operating in the Brazilian financial system, in the period between 2004-2019. The main results show that, despite the efforts of Organs regulatory agencies and the Brazilian adherence to the terms of Basel II, the Brazilian bank credit system presents, throughout the period studied, an upward trend in defaults, whereas, in the same period, banking efficiency declines. On the other hand, given the scenario assessed throughout this study, it’s not possible to state that the forgetful efforts were in vain, that is, without them, the results could be more unfavorable to banking institutions and the Brazilian financial system as a whole. Fri, 15 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9567 2021-01-15T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9503 Efeitos do rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana no resultado das eleições de 2016 Fontela, Bruna de Souza Brazil is a country of continental proportions. Due to its situation, it can be widely affected by disasters, either natural or technological ones. Amongst the biggest disasters in Brazil’s history, we have the rupture of Fundão’s Dam in the city of Marina, Minas Gerais, in 2015. Causing deep economic and environmental impacts, this catastrophe impacted the Rio Doce’s Bay in an irreversible manner. As widely shown in the literature, these disasters can impact a place in various ways, it can severely reduce the production factors, cause deep environmental impacts and it can even change the election outcomes. With that in mind, this dissertation seeks to evaluate, through the Difference in Differences method, if what happened in Mariana had any effects on incumbent’s performances in the 2016’s municipal elections. The results have shown a negative and significantly impact on incumbent’s performance in municipalities that have local radio stations. It has also shown that candidates were rewarded by the population with a higher number of votes when they ran for reelection in municipalities that had a contingency plan for emergencies. These evidences promote a discussion on how technological disasters affect the electoral performance. Mon, 24 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9503 2020-08-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9241 Complexidade na escolha do curso de graduação e o uso de heurísticas e vieses como mecanismos de decisão Feld, Mateus The choice of a college major is one of the most important decisions made by individuals in their lives, given that it is usually related to their career or occupational choice as well. Therefore, this decision has potential impacts on many aspects of one’s future life, such as income, employability and happiness. It is, then, a complex choice, and so it is possible that individuals rely on mental shortcuts, or rules of thumb, that facilitate it. These rules of thumb, also called heuristics, are used by people to simplify and make their decision processes more intuitive, although with the potential consequences of resulting in biased or suboptimal choices. Considering this, the present research aimed to analyze whether heuristics and biases occurred during the decision-making process of higher education students for their college majors. Based on the existing literature, the effects here investigated were the sunk cost bias, present bias, framing effect, and the anchoring and representativeness heuristics. To identify whether these effects were a part of the students’ choice process, a survey instrument was designed. The application of the survey resulted in a sample of 470 students from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, distributed in six different majors. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA), in conjunction with additional statistical methods, was used to analyze the collected data, making it possible to reach the research goals. The principal components extracted by the PCA were interpreted and analyzed in relation to each one of the selected effects. The results of the research suggest that: a) the sunk cost bias affected students’ decision of remaining (i.e., not dropping out) of their majors throughout college; b) the students’ choices were anchored on social influences and on the salary they imagined that acquaintances, who graduated on the same major as theirs, receive monthly; c) the students used the representativeness heuristic, when relying on stereotypes, to assess their judgements. Meanwhile, evidence to support the occurrence of the present bias and the framing effect were not found in the students’ analytical process, which, in relation to these aspects, was consistent with more rational decision-making procedures. The research conclusions are that heuristics and biases were relevant elements which were present on the college major choice process – but they did not dominate it, operating, instead, in conjunction with more normative aspects of analysis and choice. Finally, suggestions of future research, which could help to expand these discoveries, are presented. Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9241 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9240 Risk-adjusted return: banking sector analysis through the RAROC model Schuster, Wagner Eduardo O setor bancário no Brasil enfrenta um cenário de crescente competitividade e expansão dos volumes de crédito. Além disso, os recursos são escassos e a decisão entre alocá-los em um produto ou outro representa um importante trade-off para os gestores, reforçando o uso de ferramentas robustas para a tomada de decisão que levem em consideração o risco para maximizar os retornos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o retorno ajustado ao risco para o setor bancário por meio do modelo RAROC baseado em três perspectivas: RAROC Regulatório, Econômico e Projetado. O banco de dados utilizado foi fornecido por uma instituição financeira e contém dados para os dois principais produtos (Crédito Consignado e Capital de Giro), bem como variáveis macroeconômicas. Este trabalho contribui à literatura ao propor uma nova abordagem que permite medir a rentabilidade estratificada no portfólio do banco e, além disso, projetar seus valores. Metodologicamente, um modelo Value at Risk (VaR) com Simulações de Monte Carlo foi utilizado para o RAROC Econômico, um modelo de Vetores Autoregressivos (VAR) para a Projeção e uma abordagem histórica para o Regulatório. Através do RAROC Regulatório, uma análise ex-post, mês a mês, revela que o Crédito Consignado teve retorno de 8,13%, em média, com valores positivos e superiores aos de mercado ao longo de todo o período, enquanto o Capital de Giro apresentou retorno de 4,03%, porém um resultado que flutuou bastante com vários pontos negativos. Além do mais, o Capital Econômico calculado para o Crédito Consignado foi substancialmente menor que o Regulatório, enquanto no Capital de Giro foi o inverso, reforçando que o primeiro apresentaria um retorno muito maior ao otimizar o capital alocado (de 6,87% para 45,75% em 2019M06), destacando a relevância de um modelo interno. Finalmente, o RAROC Projetado permite uma decisão prospectiva ex-ante e os resultados revelam que, em um cenário futuro de 12 meses, o Crédito Consignado retornaria 9,31% em média, enquanto o Capital de Giro apresentaria 1,29%, confirmando que o primeiro produto continuará a remunerar adequadamente o capital investido, enquanto o segundo tem potencial de retorno, porém sem medidas que alterem o cenário projetado atual, o produto não se apresenta como um bom investimento de capital. Para concluir, os testes gerais revelam que os modelos tiveram um bom desempenho e trazem resultados inovadores que contribuem satisfatoriamente para uma gestão estratégica focada em riscos. Thu, 27 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9240 2020-02-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9236 Impactos do BREXIT sobre os principais parceiros comerciais, com ênfase nos países emergentes Pimentel, Gabriela de Moraes O BREXIT is a process of economic (dis)integration started in 2016, in which voters voted to leave the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU), giving up the benefits that it previously had as a member of the bloc. The general objective of this study is to assess what would be the possible impacts of BREXIT on production, trade and welfare on the main emerging countries classified by trade flows with the EU, in addition to those directly involved. The computable general equilibrium model (Global Trade Analysis Project - GTAP) was used to estimate the effects of BREXIT from the soft scenarios, possible free trade agreement as practiced for Norway in the European Economic Area (EEA), and hard, a scenario in which no agreement was signed, framing the United Kingdom as a member of the WTO. The main results obtained show that both the bloc and the country would lose if there were greater disintegration, however for the emerging countries analyzed in the study, there would be gains in practically all sectors. Fri, 27 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9236 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9161 Inovações tecnológicas e dinâmica concorrencial no segmento de meios de pagamento da indústria financeira no Brasil Scherer, Daniel Felipe The theme of the work refers to technological innovations and the influences on the competitive dynamics in the means of payment market of the financial industry in Brazil. In the last decades there have been changes in this market, influenced by forces in its environment of competition, regulation, globalization and technological advances, with direct effects on the structuring of the market, modifying models, conduct and performance of companies. The Brazilian financial market presents a high concentration of market in its traditional banking players, robust and recurring profits, added to a significant portion of the population that still does not have a bank account. Therefore, this study aims to answer the following research problem: how is the competition dynamics currently characterized in the payment industry market in Brazil's financial industry, considering contemporary and influential technological innovations in this segment? To this end, bibliographic research and primary data collection were developed, in an exploratory and descriptive work. Field research was carried out and a semi-structured script was applied for interviews with executives from major players and market specialists. Qualitative analysis of the collected data was carried out, with content analysis. It is concluded that the introduction of technological innovations, added to changes in market regulation, implied a change in the competitive dynamics in the means of payment segment. It can be understood that there were disruptive and incremental innovations, which led to a change in the market, which, even in the oligopoly structure, is more permeable to different business initiatives that benefit consumers and the market in general. Wed, 18 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9161 2019-12-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9056 Avaliação do risco soberano dos países da América Latina - 2000 a 2017 Morelo, Gregory Gilmar The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between the sovereign risk of Latin American countries and their macroeconomic variables such as public debt, current account balance, gross domestic product and portfolio investment balance, from 2000 to 2017. The countries analyzed were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, because they correspond to the largest economies in Latin America. The applied methodology is based on Granger causality tests and the autoregressive vector models, with analysis by the impulse response function and variance decomposition. As main results, significant relationships were found between sovereign risk and gross domestic product in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru, where causality was identified between the variables and negative effects on GDP when sovereign risk shocks were attributed. In addition, there were significant relationships between sovereign risk and public debt for Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru also demonstrated significant relationship between sovereign risk and current account balance. Sovereign risk and portfolio investments showed significant results in the Mexican economy. Thus, it was found that variations in sovereign risk are relevant and have significant effects on the economy of countries. This highlights the importance of sovereigns pursuing responsible policies to minimize negative effects associated with the level of risk attributed to them. Sun, 18 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/9056 2009-10-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8953 Efeitos da ancoragem nas decisões judiciais : o caso das indenizações concedidas judicialmente por danos extrapatrimoniais decorrentes de morte Ferreira, Clariana Bevilacqua The judicial quantification of indemnities for exclusively moral damages is given through arbitration and configures situation in which an individual is called to predict values in an environment of uncertainty. The estimation of values can be affected by the anchoring effect, which can occur either because of a representative anchor (insufficient adjustment) or because of a non-representative anchor (priming). As a result, this dissertation sought to verify if the judicial decision-making process that results in the quantification of exclusively moral damages is subject to the effects of the anchorage, considering anchors representative or not. In order to do so, we used indemnification actions for extra-patrimonial damages resulting from death, which were processed in the Common State Court of Rio Grande do Sul, from 2014 to 2018. The analysis was performed using dispersion plots, Pearson correlation coefficients and explanatory regressions. The results indicated that magistrates are subject to the anchoring effects induced by the values of the indemnification requests inserted by the authors in their initial petitions (representative anchor), being less likely to incur such an effect when called to decide concrete cases than when addressed in the thesis. The anchoring, however, seems mitigated by the obedience of the magistrates of the origin to the precedents of the reviewing court. On the other hand, the judges do not seem to be subject to anchoring effects generated by the value of the cause (an anchor that is not representative), contained in the initial petitions in which the authors abstained from suggesting to the judge a quantum of indemnity. The current system seems to produce incentives for the parties to file claims with overestimated compensation amounts, in order to anchor the judge's arbitration and obtain higher compensation. Sat, 25 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8953 2019-05-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8952 O crédito na agricultura brasileira no período 2013-2018: Um estudo do PRONAF, PRONAMP e demais linhas de crédito rural, com ênfase no investimento Brinker, Irineu Main objective of this research was to analyze the evolution of the distribution of resources of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming (PRONAF), of the National Program of Support to the Medium Rural Producer (PRONAMP), in the investment modality, in the Brazilian municipalities in the period 2013 – 2018. The database used was the rural credit database of the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) and socioeconomic database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Using Geoda software, the Moran index was measured for the correlation between the number of operations and contracted values of rural operations, and socioeconomic indices such as illiteracy rate, Gini index, municipal human development index, agricultural GDP, participation of agricultural GDP in municipal and per capita income. The results revealed that in PRONAF, unlike PRONAMP and other rural credit lines, the number of contracts had a positive correlation with the illiteracy rate, Gini index, with the ratio between the average per capita income of the richest 10% and the per capita income of the poorest 40%. Negative correlation between the number of contracts and the rate of employees aged 18 and over with a formal contact, IDHN, agricultural GDP, participation of agricultural GDP in municipal GPD and municipal per capita income. PRONAMP, due to the lower number of operations and the lower volume of contracted resources, presented very weak correlations. The other rural credit lines showed higher correlations in the agricultural PIB variable and agricultural PIB participation in the municipal PIB. The richest and most productive farming regions, such as the South, Southeast and Midwest, have received the largest amounts of resources. In contrast, the poorest and least developed regions have received the largest number of operations, of lower average value and focused on subsistence agriculture. Mon, 26 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8952 2019-08-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8951 Evolução de capacidades no setor de vinhos finos do Vale dos Vinhedos – RS Lopes, Patrícia Rafaeli This study aims to analyze the fine wine sector of Vale dos Vinhedos observing its technological trajectory in order to identify through the elements listed in the literature whether this sector is undergoing a catching-up process. Giuliani, Morrison and Rabellotti (2011) explain that while many discussions about catching-up are being held in terms of countries, there is also a current in the literature that analyzes the catching-up of sectors, object of this dissertation. Rio Grande do Sul presents a successful performance in the wine area, as the state concentrates the largest number of companies in the sector in the country, established in Vale dos Vinhedos, Campos de Cima da Serra, Serra do Sudoeste and Campanha. Vale dos Vinhedos has been outstanding in relation to the production and marketing of fine wines (considered premium quality products) and sparkling wines, with international recognition, so the interest of this dissertation in this sector and region. The analysis was carried out by means of a qualitative field research, in which 10 winemakers from 10 wineries and 5 representatives from institutions were interviewed in person from April to June 2019. The data were analyzed with the aid of the Nvivo® system, with the objective of better capturing in the interviews the essential elements that characterize a catching-up or technological upgrading process, organized in the categories of technology, knowledge, market, management and institutions. The main results are: 1) the Vale dos Vinhedos wineries group underwent a technological upgrade from 2005 to 2010, when there was a need for technological adaptation due to changes in the market after the entry of wines. imported, requiring an industry upgrade to compete with these new products; 2) it can now be said that the sector is not undergoing a new technological upgrade, since, according to the perception of the wineries and institutions interviewed, the Vale dos Vinhedos sector is already technologically paired with considered frontier production processes, and processes linked to viticulture and 3) points to a possible new upgrading when the sector faces a qualification of national demand, as this is the main market focus of the studied wineries. The issue is the challenge of increasing per capita consumption of fine wines. There are efforts by firms and institutions to make this happen in the near future, such as: focus on the development of easier consumer products, development of wine tourism to promote the region's products, recognition of its products in international competitions and negotiations to reduce Tax Burden. In terms of the study's contribution, the following stand out: 1) the relevance of analyzing the competitive conditions of a productive sector that has as its technological trajectory the offer of (increasingly) premium products; and 2) the importance of analyzing the trajectory of the sector, at the mesoeconomic level, which allows us to understand the roles of different actors in the sectoral development process: firms of different sizes and behaviors, public and private institutions. In the case of the sector investigated, different actors played important roles in the segment's trajectory, indicating that collective and coordinated efforts are necessary for technological leaps to occur. Tue, 23 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/8951 2019-07-23T00:00:00Z