http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1657 PPG Ciências Contábeis Sun, 19 Apr 2026 07:30:33 GMT 2026-04-19T07:30:33Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13940 Tributação sobre lucros e agressividade tributária: um estudo no âmbito das empresas de capital aberto do Brasil Silva, Jonas Ismael da This study aims to analyze the effect of the aggressive taxation of Brazilian companies listed on the B3 stock exchange on investments, performance, and earnings management from 2010 to 2024. The deductive method was adopted, classifying the research as applied in nature, explanatory in objectives, documentary in procedures, and quantitative in approach to the problem. The population consists of companies listed on the B3, resulting in a sample of 293 companies from 2010 to 2024, totaling 2,713 observations. Data collection was carried out using the Economática® database, with the data initially processed in Excel spreadsheets using the variables of the econometric models. The data were then entered into the RStudio software to run the model equations and subsequently analyzed using the Hausman test for the general data and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method for economic sectors and governance levels. The analysis by economic sector revealed that some sectors showed significance in explaining tax aggressiveness, and governance levels also revealed significant effects. It is concluded that the models explain the relationship with profitability, operating margin, and market value, but do not explain deferred taxes. Among the economic sectors, Information Technology, Cyclical Consumption, and Public Utilities stood out, showing consistent negative impacts on performance and return indicators; while, among the governance levels, Level 3, Bovespa Mais, and the Traditional level stood out, showing distinct effects on performance and deferred taxes. Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13940 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13939 O impacto da securitização de ativos na liquidez dos bancos: uma análise sobre os bancos no Brasil Nascimento, Anderson Quevedo do This thesis investigates the relevance of credit securitization as a liquidity management instrument in the Brazilian banking system between 2013 and 2023. The topic is justified by the importance of liquidity for financial sistem and by the lack of national studies addressing the role of securitization in this context. While international literature highlights its contribution to liquidity, funding, regulatory capital, and risk sharing, its adoption in Brazil remains incipient and highly concentrated among a few issuers. The objective is to assess whether securitization exerts a significant effect on the liquidity of multiple banks operating in Brazil, distinguishing between large institutions (S1 and S2) and smaller banks (S3 to S5). To this end, an original database was constructed using data from the Central Bank of Brazil, CVM, and Anbima, covering FIDCs, CRAs, CRIs, and debentures backed by bank loans. A panel data model with fixed effects and robust standard errors was employed, including lagged securitization variables to mitigate endogeneity. The empirical results do not confirm that bank liquidity is significantly affected by securitization. Three structural factors help explain this absence of effect: (i) the low volume and frequency of issuances (419 operations over 11 years), (ii) high concentration in six banks (around 62% of the total), and (iii) residual balance sheet exposure (0.53% of total credit portfolio). The intensive use of repo operations backed by government securities-often exceeding 15% of GDP-also reduces the incentive for securitization. It is concluded that structural factors such as banking concentration, transaction costs, and the predominance of public debt financing limit securitization’s role as a liquidity instrument. This research contributes by filling a gap in the Brazilian literature and offering insights for public policy and long-term funding strategies. Mon, 20 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13939 2025-10-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13857 ESG: um paradigma tecno-econômico em percurso de irrupção? Rosa, Leandro Käfer This study offers a novel perspective by identifying the adoption of ESG practices within the theoretical-conceptual context of an emerging techno-economic paradigm. As a result, it seeks empirical evidence of the influence of ESG engagement levels on the economic and financial performance metrics of companies operating in regions that have historically guided and consolidated techno-economic paradigms (G7 countries). Using three sample sets covering observations of 1,218 to 2,447 companies over an eight-year period (2016-2023) and classifying ESG engagement levels into quartiles within the sector cluster by country, tests for differences in means show that the group of companies in the fourth quartile outperforms the group at the opposite extreme. However, in a mixed-effects regression analysis that considers other influential variables, a higher level of ESG engagement did not show distinctly different effects on company performance. Therefore, it is not possible to assert that the adoption of ESG practices implies compensatory differences for companies (bonuses for the best or penalties for the worst) within the space and timeframe of this study. Nevertheless, indications of differences in company profiles (size and financial leverage) across the quartile scale of ESG adoption indicate preparation for an imminent period of impact of ESG engagement levels on business value drivers. This observation aligns with the thesis of this study and encourages continued debate and analysis on compensatory differences related to the paradigmatic evolution of ESG adoption. Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13857 2025-08-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13856 Fatores determinantes do desempenho no exame de suficiência do CFC: um estudo focado nas modalidades de ensino Olimpio, Geysa Medeiros The objective of this study was to analyze the determining factors of the performance of Accounting Science graduates in the CFC Proficiency Exam, focusing on in-person and distance learning modalities. The study period covered the years 2012 to 2023. The study metric relates the coefficients of the multiple linear regression model to explain the performance of Accounting Science graduates. The data were initially treated in Pearson's Chi-Square Test between In-Person and Distance Learning Modalities, Proportions Test, as well as Global Statistics to present the Regression model. The test results indicated that the teaching modality is strongly associated with the difference in approval rates, with the In-Person modality presenting superior performance in terms of approval. The regression model explains a large part of the variability in performance (high R²), with the number of approved candidates and dropout rates standing out as statistically significant predictors. These findings reinforce the importance of measures that reduce the lack of preparation and increase the number of approvals in the CFC Proficiency Exam. Mon, 19 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13856 2025-05-19T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13855 A atuação da função controladoria em cenários de crise nas organizações Boose, Elisangela Santos da Silva This thesis proposes an analytical model to examine the role of management accounting (controllership) during organizational crises, focusing on its functions in supporting decision-making and sustaining organizational resilience. The study’s relevance lies in understanding how this function effectively contributes to overcoming adverse contexts. Although authors such as Anthony (1979), Chenhall (2003), and Teixeira (2013) acknowledge the importance of management accounting as managerial support, the literature still lacks studies addressing its role in crisis scenarios. As discussed in the theoretical framework, existing research is limited and generally sector-specific, leaving a gap regarding the performance of management accounting across different phases of the crisis cycle (Teixeira, 2013; Tillema; Trapp; Veen, 2022; Wu; Bo Shao; Gary, 2021). To bridge this gap, a qualitative, descriptive approach was adopted through a multiple case study of three companies in southern Brazil that faced distinct types of crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, flooding, and input shortages (of sanitary, environmental, and structural nature). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with managers and management accounting professionals, complemented by analysis of internal organizational documents. Findings indicate that management accounting played a central role in supporting management, particularly through timely information generation, budget restructuring, performance indicator review, and financial support for activity reorganization. Integration with other areas and the maturity level of management accounting also emerged as critical factors for effective crisis responses. Based on these findings, a referential model was developed to systematize the functions of management accounting before, during, and after crises, offering practical and theoretical contributions to strengthen its role in management support and organizational continuity. Mon, 22 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13855 2025-09-22T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13683 Os efeitos dos ciclos político-orçamentários na decisão de gastos em municípios brasileiros Trevizan, Luiz Eugênio This thesis aimed to evaluate whether municipal managers increase investment spending in an election year and the relationship with the size of the municipality, whether this increase is related to the geographic location of each municipality (State to which it belongs), and the Current Operating Result - ROC. It was also verified whether there was a significant increase in the current expenditure account in a post-election year. The population analyzed was all Brazilian municipalities from 2013 to 2021, covering two complete electoral cycles. The model used was multiple linear regression with panel fixed effects, using the variation within the same municipality over time and the OLS - Ordinary Least Squares approach to estimate the coefficients. For municipalities with up to 10,188 thousand inhabitants, the election year has a positive and significant coefficient about the increase in investment spending. The state to which the municipality belongs did not present a significant coefficient in isolation, which demonstrates that the effect of the election year on investment spending can vary from one state to another. Municipalities with an ROC greater than 1, i.e., in surplus, tend to increase investments in election years, but the same occurs in municipalities with an ROC between 0 and 1. Current expenses in post-election years increase in practically all municipalities in the country. For municipalities with 10,189 to 50 thousand inhabitants, the increase in investment spending in election years is confirmed and the relationship with the population is inverse, i.e., the smaller the municipality, the greater the number of cases. The state remains without influence and the ROC of the same form, although surplus municipalities increase investment spending, the same occurs with deficit municipalities. Municipalities with 50,001 to 100 thousand inhabitants and those with 100,001 to 142,633 inhabitants also increase investment spending in election years, but the population variable does not present a significant p-value for these municipalities, indicating that the population does not influence the increase in spending. The state to which they belong also does not have a significant influence, the same occurs about the fiscal situation. For the municipalities considered to be part of the reserve, with more than 142,634 inhabitants and the capitals, the increase in investment spending in an election year was confirmed and the relationship with the population is inverse, that is, the smaller the municipality, the more cases of increased investment spending in an election year. The state and ROC continue to have no relation to this increase in investment spending. Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13683 2025-04-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13682 Desempenho financeiro e a participação das mulheres no conselho de administração de cooperativas agropecuárias brasileiras sob a ótica institucional Orsatto, Luis Felipe This thesis investigates the relationship between financial performance, measured by ROA (Return on Assets), and the participation of women on the board of directors of Brazilian agricultural cooperatives, from the perspective of Douglass North's Institutional Theory. The central hypothesis is that positive financial performance increases visibility and attracts formal and informal institutional pressures, fostering the inclusion of women on these boards. To test this hypothesis, a quantitative approach was adopted, employing an econometric model applied to a sample of 213 cooperatives, analyzing financial data from the years 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that ROA has a positive and significant relationship with the proportion of women on boards of directors. We concluded that financial performance works as an indicator of alignment with institutional demands for inclusive practices, thereby meeting social expectations. This study contributes to advancing knowledge on cooperative governance and promoting gender equity in the Brazilian agricultural sector. Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13682 2025-02-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13681 Framework conceitual para informações Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) em instituições de ensino superior Itoz, Clarete de Studies on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) in Higher Education Institutions, especially those in the public sector, are still quite incipient and there is little targeted literature. This study research ESG information for federal public universities, based on the content of their management reports. In addition to describing the context of the social function of public federal universities, the study contextualizes this environment as highly regulatory, imposed not only by the Ministry of Education (MEC), but also highly regulated by legislation and regulations from control bodies, since there is the use of totally public resources for the maintenance and development of their activities. It is therefore essential to understand how ESG is presented and produced in these environments. When looking for ESG information in the management reports of public universities, it can be seen that environmental and social sustainability information is the least evident, while governance information is well structured and well evidenced. This does not mean that federal public universities do not work on their activities in the environmental and social context, but perhaps they need to look for a way to better disclose this information in their management reports. The main aim of this thesis is to propose a conceptual framework of ESG factors for federal public universities. To this end, the theoretical construction was based on the concept of legitimacy theory, as it is considered that Federal Public Universities are in an environment made up of rules, beliefs and values, created and consolidated through social interaction and ESG factors for these institutions' environments. This is an exploratory, descriptive, documentary study, with qualitative research and a Design Science Research (DSR) strategy. The artifact is called the ESG Framework for Federal Public Universities, and is a theoretical model for use in collecting, processing and distributing this information to compose the management report. In general, the artifact concerns the improvement of mechanisms, mainly of an environmental and social nature, since data from TCU 2024 shows that these institutions were only able to demonstrate a 22% weight load in their management reports, when they are evaluated on these issues. The study's theoretical contribution is based on the assertion that Federal Public Universities are predominantly institutions that, regardless of their time, are always acting and playing a leading role in matters relating to environmental and social issues. As for the practical contribution, it is worth highlighting the proposed improvements to the information in the management report, since there is a possibility of improving its informational nature, even though its structure and content are standardized. Thu, 24 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13681 2025-04-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13680 Environmental, social and corporate governance-esg e as implicações na política de dividendos Nicácio, Antonio Gustavo This study aimed to analyze whether the impact of ESG controversy scores explains a greater distribution of dividends and strengthens the legitimization of the management of these companies before their investors. Using descriptive statistics, correlations and Multiple Regressions, to respond to the objectives, financial performance data was collected from publicly traded companies in Economática®, such as ROA, ROE, Size, Age, Financial and operational leverage, and ownership concentration, and the scores ESG, combined ESG, social ESG, ESG, environmental and ESG governance, in the Thonsom Reuters Refinitiv database, in a time frame from 2017 to 2021. The sample was composed of 102 companies, which received the ESG score and controversies in certain periods. Using multiple regression, the hypothesis was tested that companies with ESG scores, which have suffered controversial events, distribute more dividends, to legitimize the company's management before investors. The result obtained refutes the hypothesis and, therefore, it is not possible to state whether there is a relationship between the ESG controversy and a greater distribution of dividends, as the result proved to be statistically insignificant. Mon, 18 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13680 2023-12-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13558 A responsabilidade social como meio de legitimação em clubes brasileiros de futebol Benin, Maicon Manoel The sports sector, in general, and football, in particular, have been increasingly attracting attention, not only as a source of leisure but also as a business and vehicle for social transformation, raising the importance of topics such as Governance and Social Responsibility in these organizations. This research aims to determine how social responsibility practices, influenced by governance mechanisms, are used for legitimacy in football clubs. The analysis is based on the Legitimacy Theory, which considers that these organizations could use their social relevance and disseminate social responsibility practices as a means of legitimacy before the community where they operate, with this relationship moderated by the use of governance mechanisms. The research adopts a qualitative approach of an exploratory nature. The corpus of the research was composed of excerpts from interviews conducted with sports directors and executives and documents related to football clubs or associative sports organizations. The evidence was analyzed using the Discourse Analysis technique. The effects of the analyzed meanings allowed us to determine that social responsibility practices are used as components for the search for, maintenance of, or recovery of pragmatic legitimacy. This process makes these practices much more instrumental, as part of a system of exchanges between clubs and society than something institutionalized and a priority for these organizations. It was also identified that governance mechanisms intervene in this relationship, either by facilitating the instrumental use of social responsibility practices due to the lack of broad decision-making and supervision mechanisms or by encouraging the use of these practices as a genuine social commitment and good governance. Thus, this research contributes to understanding the role of governance and social responsibility in sports organizations, analyzing them together and exploring the nuances in the meanings that make up their complex motivations and relationships. Wed, 08 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13558 2025-01-08T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13355 Características da diversidade de gênero do conselho de administração e o gerenciamento de resultados: evidências nas companhias brasileiras Gamarra, Vilma Lorena Tello This thesis aimed to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of gender diversity on the board of directors and earnings management in Brazilian companies. The method applied in the thesis was quantitative, analyzing information from the boards of 129 Brazilian companies participating in B3. For the analysis, information was obtained from the members of the board of directors of the 129 companies analyzed, as well as information on gender, education, and experience (at postgraduate level) of each of the members of the board of directors, including full and alternate members. The period studied was from 2014 to 2023. The Modified Jones method and quantile regression were used to analyze earnings management. The main results of this thesis are two. The first result was the characterization of the gender diversity of the board of directors of the companies in the selected sample, analyzing aspects such as the number and gender of directors, as well as the professionalization of women on the board of directors and the evolution of women's participation on the board of directors. Regarding the second result, for the sample studied, four hypotheses were tested. The first three hypotheses were confirmed, namely: (H1) the presence of female directors restricts earnings management practices, (H2) a larger board of directors is negatively associated with high levels of earnings management, and (H3) the education of women on the board of directors is negatively associated with earnings management. The fourth hypothesis was rejected, namely (H4) the experience of women on the board of directors is negatively associated with earnings management. Mon, 29 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13355 2024-07-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13352 Insumos e produtos na avaliação da eficiência técnica de hospitais: um estudo de seleção de variáveis baseado na entropia Rodrigues, Rafael Ramon Fonseca In recent decades, interest in measuring efficiency has emerged in the most diverse areas and health is no different. A sector of extreme relevance for human beings. There are several efficiency measurement techniques, but Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been a preferred technique in many studies due to several advantages. However, it is important to highlight that the result of the analysis through DEA can be influenced by changing variables (Inputs and Outputs). With the aim of reducing such distortions and seeking to identify the ideal variables to compose the model, the study aims to propose a scheme for selecting inputs (inputs) and outputs (products) for evaluating technical efficiency in hospitals. Initially, two systematic literature reviews were carried out. The research converted two literature reviews. The first objective analysis of the variables (Inputs and Outputs) of technical efficiency in hospitals. In 115 studies, 404 input restrictions and 320 output restrictions were identified. The second review sought to identify the variable selection analyzes in the measurement of the technical efficiency of hospitals, based on the study developed by Fernandez-Palacin, Lopez-Sanchez and Munoz-Márquez (2017). Initially, 320 studies were identified, of which 11 were considered eligible, using various methods based on efficiency, classical statistical methods, among others. Finally, three approaches were selected that resulted in 4 distinct adjustments in the composition of inputs and products in the model adjustments: the method with all available variables, the method adopting a prior reduction of the dimensionality of the input and product matrices through protection of factors and, the variable selection model using a genetic algorithm seeking to minimize the entropy of the input and output matrices and maximize the entropy of the efficiency vector. The results show that the strategy of maximizing the entropy of the efficiency vector presents greater discretion among hospitals, providing a more appropriate interpretation of the results. Thu, 09 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13352 2023-11-09T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13350 Efeitos da performance ESG no custo de capital próprio e assimetria informacional no mercado de capitais brasileiro Cirne, Gianinni Martins Pereira Corporate actions focused on ESG issues grew a lot, and gained visibility. The term refers to corporate sustainability practices that relate the Environment (Environmental), Social (Social) and Governance (Governance). With the growth of investment in ESG practices, questions have arisen about their impact on companies, given this scenario, this research aims to analyze the effect of ESG practices on the cost of equity and information asymmetry of companies in the Brazilian capital market. We innovated when we incorporated ESG performance as a moderating variable in the relationship between information asymmetry and cost of equity. Allied to this, we use a CAPM calculation model adjusted to the reality of emerging countries. Our result showed that ESG performance really has an effect on information asymmetry and moderates the relationship with the cost of equity capital, as the result found showed that there was an impact on the reduction of the cost of equity capital when we tested the moderating effect, that is, ESG performance reduced information asymmetry and consequently reduced the cost of equity. We tested our dataset with the traditional CAPM model, and the results were different from an adjusted model, leading us to conclude the relevance of adjusting valuation models to the reality of emerging economies. Based on the foregoing, the defended thesis is confirmed that companies in the Brazilian capital market, which are part of the ESG performance rating, have a lower cost of equity due to the reduction of information asymmetry, influenced by ESG performance. Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13350 2023-04-13T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13349 Análise da percepção da sociedade sobre o preço justo e sua influência nas decisões de precificação das firmas em tempos de crise Coelho, Fabiano Simões Using questionnaires applied at different times and situations, the three articles presented in this thesis analyze society’s perception of fair price and its influence on firms’ actions in times of pandemic, through the lens of neoclassical and institutional theories. In the first article, two questionnaires were applied: the first applied in Brazil in March 2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the second applied in August 2020, when the pandemic’s effects were best known. In the second and third articles, a questionnaire was applied to residents of Rio Grande do Sul and residents of other locations during the climate disaster that occurred in Rio Grande do Sul in April and May 2024. The articles suggest that, depending on the institutional arrangement and depending on the time the questionnaire is applied, societies have different perceptions about fair prices, including consumers' desire to punish firms that do not respect society's informal rules. Together, the articles provide evidence that society, through informal rules, plays a fundamental role in influencing the actions of firms. Finally, the analyses suggest that institutional theory produces better interpretations of society’s behavior regarding its perception of fair price. This understanding could contribute to firms making more assertive decisions by mitigating possible risks that affect their brand and results. Tue, 20 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13349 2024-08-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13348 Análises de redes das pesquisas em contabilidade no Brasil: pós-graduação stricto sensu Coelho, Daniela Miguel This study aims to analyze the research networks formed in Stricto Sensu Postgraduate courses, in the area of Accounting Sciences in Brazil. To carry out this research, descriptive data analysis and network analysis were used, using the Gephi Program. Data collection was carried out in the Capes Theses and Dissertations Bank, covering the period from 1992 to 2020. As a result, this study reveals an increase in the number of keywords in accounting research. It also demonstrates that all accounting research topics are interconnected, which suggests that collaboration between HEIs covers all topics. This result confirms that as Stricto Sensu Postgraduate courses in Accounting Sciences in Brazil develop, they form knowledge networks through the relationship of themes between the Educational Institutions that constitute these postgraduate courses. And this network becomes increasingly related over time. Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13348 2024-07-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13347 Disclosure de práticas de sustentabilidade e o custo de financiamento das organizações financeiras cooperativas Teixeira, Bruno de Medeiros This study aimed to analyze the level of disclosure of sustainability practices information from the stakeholders' perspective and its relationship with the funding cost of cooperative financial organizations. The central hypothesis is that the level of disclosure of such information legitimizes the management of cooperatives, leading to a reduction in their funding costs. Methodologically, the sustainability indicators developed by Macagnan and Seibert (2021) were adapted to the context of cooperative financial organizations and validated with members of these organizations and specialists. The results indicated that the level of disclosure of sustainability practices (IS) has a negative relationship with the funding cost (CF). Furthermore, the minimum point was calculated at which the level of sustainability disclosure (IS) minimizes the funding cost (CF), identified as 0.7873133. It is concluded that managers disclose sustainability information to legitimize themselves to stakeholders, ensuring the maintenance of the social contract. By doing so, they reinforce their commitment to cooperative principles, distinguishing cooperative financial organizations from traditional banks. Fri, 11 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13347 2024-10-11T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13117 Conexões sociais e remuneração de executivos: efeito moderador do controle Locatelli, Letícia Gomes This Thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of control on the relationship between the CEO's remuneration and his social connections based on a sample of 199 companies listed on B3 between 2011 and 2011. Multivariate analysis was used of data using the multiple regression technique with the application of fixed effects for panel data. None of the five research hypotheses were confirmed. However, evaluating the interaction between share control, social connections, and CEO remuneration in a defined control scenario shows that the controller's stance aligns with the expropriation perspective. The result remains even in the presence of Corporate Governance mechanisms and may signal that, in a defined control scenario, Corporate Governance structures are weakened. Regarding family control, the results differ from previous literature in that they indicate the relevance of the role of the company founder in defining the CEO's remuneration. The results also indicate that the presence of a founding CEO or founding family does not prevent his connections with the Chairman of the Board from impacting his remuneration. The additional tests reveal that the CEO's shareholding and social connections with the Chairman of the Board positively affect his remuneration. When evaluating moderation due to the controller's interference in management, it was identified that the percentage of AC members elected by the controller affects the relationship between the social connections of these members with the CEO and the CEO's remuneration negatively, in line with the perspective of replacement. In turn, the variable that expresses moderation between the variables of interest presents a positive coefficient. Thus, in a scenario of social connections, we can infer that the more significant the proportion of members elected by the controller on the Board, the higher the CEO's remuneration will be. It is also identified that the moderation in question does not entirely remove the effects of the ICS variable on remuneration. Therefore, remuneration appears to be an agency problem in this case, and the controller's actions do not favor minority shareholders. Wed, 24 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13117 2024-04-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13115 Profissional contábil: análise da dicotomia entre a expectativa dos pesquisadores e a efetiva formação dos contadores no Brasil Silva, Leandra da Sat, 27 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13115 2024-04-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12902 A relação entre orçamento e resiliência de empresas em cenários de flutuação econômica Lopes, Sócrates Dantas This research aims to analyze the correlation between budget utilization and the resilience of companies during periods of economic fluctuations, taking into account performance and the budget structure model used in a sample of 95 listed B3 companies.The study period spans from the 1st quarter of 2017 to the 3rd quarter of 2022, during which five budget structure models and ten budget functions were considered for design and application. To achieve the objectives, the research employed Wilcoxon statistical tests, Principal Components Analysis, Clustering Analysis using Ward's method, and Fisher's Exact test. Hypotheses were tested through the application of the Wilcoxon test, considering the relationship between budget functions and performance within each group. The study concluded that it has statistically significant differences among various budget structures models concerning organizational resilience. It was found that in the Standard budget structure the number of companies affected by the crisis was statistically greater than those not affected and the number of companies with resilient performance is statistically greater than non-resilient companies, that is, in the Standard budget structure the proportion between resilient and non-resilient companies is statistically significant, a result not achieved in the other budget structures studied. Mon, 28 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12902 2023-08-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12900 Processamento visual da informação financeira: uma abordagem experimental Soares, José Mauro Madeiros Velôso From the aim of exploring how visual presentation impacts the processing of financial information, experimental situations were created that could describe how financial information is processed, investigate how individuals direct attention according to the geographic positioning of the disclosed financial information, and examine how distractions influence the processing of financial information. The tasks were included in a domain where each participant could access, if they had an internet connection and had a webcam so that their eye tracking could be captured during the reading of the tasks for analysis in conjunction with the memory questions about what had been read. In general, low memory and processing of what was read was identified, regardless of the way the information was presented, its geographical arrangement and the presence of distracting elements during the performance of tasks. In the first trial, the experiment modified the way information was presented, whether just text, just graphic elements, or text combined with graphics. In this first experiment, an absence of difference and association and a low influence of the presented format on information processing were observed, although the heatmaps indicated a greater concentration of gaze fixations on the elements presented first in the task. In the second trial, whose experiment modified the geographical arrangement of the information, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, as well as the absence of a relevant association, only being verified that in prediction by crossvalidation that the participants who receive information in a single column had lower recall than those who viewed the task in two columns, reinforced by the heatmaps that demonstrate greater visual dispersion for the single column. Finally, the third test identified that the presence of notifications modifies visual attention in the sense of dispersing it, but the impact on processing was not evident, indicating that there is a possible impact on performance, but not on the accuracy of what is read. Therefore, the research concludes that the visualization of financial information is based much more on the salience of the content than on the shape, arrangement, or presence of distracting elements during the performance of report reading tasks. Mon, 23 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12900 2023-10-23T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12899 Determinantes do percurso laboral dos doutores em Ciências Contábeis brasileiros Dalmolin, Domingos Maintaining into account the traditional forces that act in the labor economy, notably the job’s demands and offers and local socioeconomic aspects, in this work we advance the focus to the spaces contained in the outlining of the labor path, what we did having as study population the Brazilian PhDs in Accounting Sciences. The population covered by the survey totaled 662 Brazilian PhDs in Accounting Sciences who obtained such a degree between the years 1987 to 2020, which outlined their labor path exercising professional activities in municipalities belonging to 22 States and the Federal District, reaching the 5 regions of the country. Spatial econometric approach based on matrix of spatial socioeconomic weights was used, with the development of theoretical-empirical regression model to capture dependencies in space of the work path of the studied population. The population profile is 64.60% male and 35.40% female, the prevailing professional activities by sector are 76.24% in education, 15.25% in business and 8.51% in government. The geographic distribution by regions is 43.88% in the Southeast, 25.61% in the South, 16.48% in the Northeast, 11.91% in the Midwest and 2.12% in the North. 51.69% are migrants and 48.31% are natives who are not migrants. Migratory movements occur 16.85% immediately after graduation, 18.62% immediately after master's degree and 16.37% immediately after doctorate. The proportion of 83.47% enter the labor market between obtaining undergraduate degree and before obtaining master's degree, 13.00% between master's degree and before doctorate, and 3.53% from the year of obtaining doctorate. The research finding is that good levels of Education and good Numbers of Hospital Beds inhibit labor migratory movements of Brazilian PhDs in Accounting Sciences, encouraging workers to become attached to work activities in the same place where they originated. The research hypothesis was confirmed: the work path of Brazilian doctors in Accounting Sciences presents spatial lags, that is, the increase in GDP per Capita, GDP Services and the Employed Population attract labor immigration to a base city and this phenomenon is repeated in other cities when these also experience growth in GDP per Capita, GDP Services and the Employed Population. Mon, 06 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12899 2023-11-06T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12798 Práticas de gestão de recursos humanos como determinantes para eficiência técnica de hospitais Diniz, Saulo Medeiros Human resources are relevant to social and economic development in any entity, country or territory in the world, being the most essential assets for the success of an organization.Studies on this subject have revealed the importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) for the performance of hospitals, but no research was found on Human Resource Management Practices (HRMP) as determinants of Technical Efficiency (TE). Therefore, in view of this gap, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the HRMP as determinants of TE in hospitals. Primary and secondary data were used to achieve the objectives. The primary data obtained through the application of a questionnaire to 57 public hospitals in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, which fully serve the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), to identify the HRMP. Secondary data obtained from DATASUS, CNES and research databases for Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on HRMP, TE and determinants in hospitals. DEA and the final model built by VRS were used to calculate TE. First, 52 HRMP were identified in the literature, with people maintenance subsystems and training and development practices and performance evaluation as the most cited.These HRMP served as the basis for the development of a questionnaire that was then applied to hospitals. The characterization of the 57 hospitals was as follows: small (64.91%), general (87.72%), municipal (64.31%) and medium complexity (66.67%) hospitals; 68.4% use some HRMP and 51.3% have a specific department to develop them. To calculate the TE of these hospitals, input and output variables were identified in the literature and their data collected (DATASUS, CNES). A total of 17 hospitals (32.07%) were classified as efficient, highlighting the regional Vale do Açu (75% being 100% efficient) and the average TE of the hospitals that use most HRMP, showed superior results. Regarding statistical significance, the variables proportion of physicians per total team, number of beds per team, level of complexity and rewards, incentives and benefits were determinants for hospital technical efficiency. The others did not show significance, for example, the positive ones: having HRM practices and technical training and the negative ones: Performance Evaluation and Human Resources Indicators. In view of this, it is clear that the use of human resource management practices for this study, in general, was conducive to hospital technical efficiency, specifically in terms of reward, incentives and benefits that hospitals that use it have on average TE 20% bigger. Thu, 03 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12798 2023-08-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12797 Reconhecimento de ativos fiscais diferidos decorrentes de prejuízos fiscais: um estudo sobre o gerenciamento de resultados e observância às normas Souza Neto, Moisés Ozório de This research addresses the relationship of companies with deferred tax assets arising from tax losses with earnings management and compliance with regulations. The general objective is to analyze the relationship between the recognition of AFD arising from tax losses and earnings management. Data were obtained through Economática® and on the website of Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3). The period of analysis comprised 2010 to 2022, which comprises the beginning of the effectiveness of CPC 32, which deals with the recognition of deferred tax assets, until the last fiscal year concluded until the present study. To analyze earnings management strategies, the Kothari (2005) and Roychowdhury (2006) model was used, being treated as accounting choices and actual activities, respectively. The companies were divided into groups according to whether they showed losses or not, in the group with losses compliance with the rules was observed, generating Dummy variables, making it feasible to use logistic regression and descriptive statistics. The sample makes up the number of 73 companies, with 700 observations for each regression. The main results indicate that companies with losses tend to use earnings management more and in a positive way, in order to increase profit or reduce losses. Regarding the GR models used, both the accounting choices model, represented in this study by the Kothari (2005) model, and the real activities model, proposed by Roychowdhury (2006), were used, with the former having a slightly higher level of form. positive, which prevailed in most tests, with the exception of when it came to period expenses, one of the actual activities; another finding on this subject was the lack of relationship between earnings management and compliance with standards. , companies with losses, in addition to higher GR indices, are in opposite directions from companies that do not have losses: while one manages trying to increase profit, the other seeks a decrease, perhaps to pay less taxes on profit. At the end of the analysis of the results found and evidenced in this study, this research has hypotheses accepted and others rejected, since the findings did not always show favorable indications to the theoretical hypotheses. Based on this, this thesis with its findings responds to the research problem and proposed objectives. Wed, 30 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12797 2023-08-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12796 Sistema gerencial para avaliação do desempenho econômico-financeiro de micro e pequenas empresas Tavares Filho, Francisco The general objective of the study is to propose a strategically designed management system for the production of useful information for evaluating the economic-financial performance of micro and small enterprises (MSE), based on the Design Science Research (DSR) method, for the design, development, and evaluation of both the system and the generated information. This is an applied and prescriptive field research (survey), which uses the application of questionnaires in an initial sample of 101 MSE in the industrial and commercial sectors, with the purpose of investigating the informational priorities of their managers for evaluation of the companies’ performance. Also, using the system itself, the information produced, and the application of questionnaires, the system was tested and the information was analyzed by the managers of 81 enterprises, to assess its usefulness in the managerial context of the MSE. As the main result, a artifact is proposed, in the form of a management system (multiplatform web software), parameterized and structured with the application of scientific concepts in the area of accounting, design science, and computational systems, for the production of information and evaluation of the economic-financial performance of MSE. The system provides information that goes beyond a quantitative diagnosis of the companies’ situation, as it can point out solutions to improve business performance. The main uses of the system and the information generated, according to the managers of the enterprises surveyed, are to help them learn more about and monitor the performance of the businesses they manage, as well as help them with decisions related to economic and financial management. On the other hand, the managers proposed general technical improvements for the system and simpler language in the reports. In addition, the study consolidated a set of information regarding the performance evaluation of MSE, especially regarding their managers' preferences regarding information to evaluate business performance. However, it can be said that the main knowledge generated by the study is embedded in the proposed artifact, which was instantiated in the architecture of a cross-platform web software. Thu, 27 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12796 2023-07-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12794 Análise dos efeitos de crises em ações de valor e ações de crescimento no mercado brasileiro Paiva, Antonio Claudio Noberto This study aimed to analyze the influence of crises on value stocks and growth stocks of B3 and IBOVESPA, using the three-factor model according to Fama and French (1992). In order to respond to the objective of this study, data were collected on the economática® platform of B3 and IBOVESPA companies in the period from 2005 to 2021. The research hypotheses were tested using the multiple regression model in a similar way to that used by Fama and French (1992), adding crisis dummy variables. The result obtained confirms the hypothesis that the price of IBOVESPA growth shares had a higher return than value shares during the COVID19 crisis period. Therefore, the results of this thesis indicate that the COVID crisis had a greater positive impact on the price of growth stocks. Wed, 16 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12794 2023-08-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12730 A mensuração dos ativos monetários e não monetários a valor justo: sua influência no gerenciamento de resultados Cabral, Luiz Marcelo Martins do Amaral Carneiro Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência decorrente da mensuração dos ativos monetários e não monetários a valor justo no gerenciamento de resultados em empresas listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão). Foram excluídas da amostra empresas do setor financeiro, fundos de investimentos e holdings, ficando a mesma composta por 230 empresas de diversos setores de atividades. Os dados contábeis utilizados foram retirados da base de dados do sistema Economática®, que são previamente depositados na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM). Foram consideradas apenas as demonstrações contábeis individuais das empresas, excluindo as demonstrações consolidadas. O período de análise compreendeu os anos de 2012 a 2021. Para tanto, foram incluídas na amostra as informações contábeis anuais das empresas para cada um desses anos. Os dados foram organizados em formato de dados em painel, e, para analisar os efeitos dos modelos, foram utilizados os testes de Chow (1960) e Hausman (1978). Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis IVJ (Intangible Value Justo) e N2 (Nível II dos Ativos Não Monetários) são frequentemente presentes e relevantes em diferentes setores, sugerindo que desempenham um papel crucial na identificação e compreensão das práticas de gerenciamento de resultados relacionadas ao valor justo em diferentes contextos empresariais. Além disso, as variáveis de controle, como a Liquidez Geral e o Tamanho, podem exercer influência positiva ou negativa no gerenciamento de resultados, dependendo do setor específico em questão, devido às características e dinâmicas próprias de cada setor. Alguns setores, como Alimentos e Bebidas, Combustíveis, Energia, Saneamento e Telecomunicações, Materiais Básicos, Tecnologia e Serviços e Turismo e Hotelaria, se destacaram em termos de associação com o gerenciamento de resultados nos Modelos Jones e Jones Modificado. Isso sugere que o gerenciamento de resultados pode ser mais prevalente ou ter um impacto maior nessas indústrias específicas. Em conclusão, esta pesquisa oferece insights valiosos sobre a influência do valor justo no gerenciamento de resultados das empresas da B3 ao longo de um período de 10 anos. As descobertas ressaltam a importância de considerar o valor justo como uma variável relevante nas práticas contábeis e no processo decisório das organizações, na tentativa de minimizar o gerenciamento de resultados. Thu, 20 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12730 2023-07-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12727 Nível de disclosure sobre informações representativas de sustentabilidade e sua relação com o número de cooperados em cooperativas de crédito brasileiras Pedron, Angela Patrícia Bovolini The general objective of this thesis was to analyze whether the level of disclosure of information, representative of sustainability, legitimizes the management of the respective Brazilian credit unions in relation to their number of members. The central hypothesis is that the level of disclosure of information, representative of sustainability (MACAGNAN e SEIBERT, 2021), social and cultural, legitimize the management of the respective Brazilian credit unions in relation to their number of members. The research was carried out using indicators of the level of disclosure of information representative of sustainability, in the social and cultural perspectives, based on disclosures made on electronic pages and reports in credit unions in Brazil. The econometric technique used was multiple linear regression by ordinary least squares. The results of the study indicate a positive relationship between the level of information disclosure in the social and cultural perspectives and the number of cooperative members in the analyzed credit unions. The results confirm the literature on disclosure and the theory of legitimacy, indicating that greater disclosure of information from the social and cultural perspectives implies a greater number of members. Managers seeking to legitimize themselves would disclose social and cultural information that reinforce the social contract established between cooperative members and cooperatives. It is also inferred that the disclosure of information in the studied perspectives would influence the perception of the cooperative members that the cooperative operates following the cooperative principles, strengthening its differential compared to other financial institutions, legitimizing its operations in society, allowing the sustainability of the cooperative. Wed, 28 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12727 2023-06-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12726 Determinantes da governança corporativa que mitigam os indícios do insider trading oportunista Ventura, Ana Flávia Albuquerque The losses caused by occurrences of opportunistic insider trading are detrimental to investors who lack access to privileged information, increasing the risk related to their investment, as well as being harmful to the firm. In this regard, it is necessary to mitigate these opportunistic behaviors through effective and active corporate governance. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the determinants of corporate governance that mitigate indications of opportunistic insider trading in light of the assumptions of informational asymmetry and opportunistic behavior. To achieve this, the study's sample population consisted of all firms listed on [B]3, between the continuous periods of 2010 to 2021, totaling a 12-year period. Through the analysis of unbalanced panel data with fixed effects, it was found that stricter monitoring, demonstrated by an increased presence of women on the Board of Directors, the existence of an Audit Committee, and a more robust Supervisory Board, along with greater transparency in firms' information disclosure through analysts, have the ability to reduce indications of opportunistic insider trading. Additionally, the results indicated that, in addition to strengthening monitoring and transparency to mitigate informational asymmetry and opportunism, insiders also demonstrate concern. Variables reflecting this concern, such as a good reputation (REPB), measured by ESG scores, and media attention, represented by firm size, showed a negative relationship with indications of opportunistic insider trading. This finding aligns with the literature suggesting that behavior, through valuing reputation, can function as an informal mechanism against opportunism. On the other hand, variables indicating signs of opportunism within firms revealed a positive relationship with indications of opportunistic insider trading. Furthermore, high volatility can indicate transactions based on undisclosed information. Thus, the research hypothesis was confirmed, and the results are consistent with previous studies. In the overall context, the findings of this study provide relevant contributions to the literature and the market. In addition to emphasizing the importance of increased monitoring and transparency to mitigate indications of opportunistic insider trading, this research innovates by showing that informal enforcement mechanisms, such as pressuring insiders to adopt ethical conduct to avoid negative impacts on the market and society, can also reduce these indications. Therefore, considering the significance of the Brazilian stock market in Latin America and its distinct characteristics, this thesis contributes by incorporating the behavioral perspective of insiders and highlighting which aspects of corporate governance can mitigate motivation for engaging in privileged information negotiations. Mon, 10 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12726 2023-07-10T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12571 Proposição de framework para a análise da ilusão fiscal, seus antecedentes e consequentes Silva, Jandeson Dantas da The general objective of this research is to propose a framework to analyze the fiscal illusion, its antecedents and consequences in the perception of Brazilian taxpayers. The study fits in as to the methodological typology as descriptive, using the survey as a procedure and the approach of the quantitative problem, resorting to the Structural Equation Modeling technique - SEM. The research instrument was characterized by a controlled one, which was answered by 618 Brazilian contributors. An instrument was developed to measure the antecedent and consequent elements of the fiscal illusion, through a theoretical survey and validated through the factorial analysis technique. After adjusting the model, the results show that there is meaning between the construction of the fiscal illusion and its antecedents: open data, budgetary governance, fiscal governance. The analysis involving the fiscal illusion and citizen participation points to the existence of a significant relationship. In addition, the proposed integrated model indicates the possibility of improvement in the adjustment indices from the consideration of correlations raised between the constructs: open data and budgetary governance, open data and fiscal governance, budgetary governance, and fiscal governance. In this way, it is concluded that the behavior of the fiscal illusion is influenced by, and simultaneously influences, the performance of the antecedents open data, fiscal governance and budgetary governance, as well as the illusion influences the conduct of the citizen participation construct. In addition, it was identified that the performance of the antecedents influences and is influenced by the way in which the other antecedent constructs work, as they correlate with each other. The proposed framework, validated, to analyze the fiscal illusion, its antecedents and consequences constitutes a contribution to science, addressing theoretical gaps, in addition to collaborating with society and with the functioning of public administration. Despite the proposed model contemplating academic, social and management needs, other constructs can be included, as well as other publics can be investigated. Tue, 18 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12571 2023-04-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12570 Os comportamentos pecuniários e sua relação com as irregularidades cometidas nos mercados de capitais Orth, Caroline de Oliveira This research aims to identify pecuniary factors that are related to the irregularities pointed out by control bodies in the capital markets. The central hypothesis is that irregularities committed in the capital market are positively related to pecuniary factors. The factors that represent pecuniary behavior are materialized in the proxies: i) amount of derivative financial instruments and ii) CO2 emissions) and iii) consumption of luxury clothing). Pecuniary behavior, described by Veblen (2007[1899]), is a critique of the idea of human rationality. He observes that the economic process is marked by the character of the struggle between men for the possession of goods, in which wealth and status put them in evidence, comparing and measuring forces. Within the scope of the capital market, valuation processes were developed to increase the pecuniary gain of businessmen and generally involved financial strategies based on “cunning and deceit” (Veblen, 2007 [1899]). Thus, to test the hypothesis, a sample consisting of 24 countries was used, whose data were obtained for the period between 2012 and 2019, totaling 192 observations. Regression analysis was performed with fixed effects panel data. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the proxies chosen to represent pecuniary behavior and the number of irregularities committed in the capital market. Furthermore, this study identified a positive relationship between the money laundering rate (AML) and irregularities for the countries under analysis. On the other hand, the number of irregularities is negatively related to the number of national companies listed and the level of education in the country, that is, the higher the level of education and number of companies listed on the capital market, the lower the probability of occurrence of irregularities. irregularities. This result supports the theoretical foundation that pecuniary behavior is related to irregularities, as Veblen (2007[1899]) theorizes. This is because, according to him, pecuniary habits of thought are and always have been perpetuated by those who wish to protect their positions of power, prestige, and wealth (Swaney, 1986). Because of this inherited behavior, economic progress was achieved, in Veblen's words, by "force and fraud" at the expense of the community's social and environmental well-being (Veblen, 2007[1899]; Swaney, 1981; Swaney, 1986; Simiqueli, 2016). In short, Veblen maintained that the pecuniary pattern of behavior is endogenously tolerant of transgression. In other words, irregularities are not market failures but are ever-present phenomena in the market economy. These results build on the literature in three ways: a) they offer another epistemological lens for accounting to reflect on the irregularity committed in the capital market to the assumptions that deviant behavior is a function of beyond and expected reward or a market failure; b) it adds a quantitative methodological approach to Veblenian studies, as these are recognized for preserving empirical works; c) to contribute both with accounting professionals, public policymakers and regulatory bodies of the capital market, as well as with investors, in the reflection on the risks to social well-being (materialized by irregularities committed in the capital market) associated with the theorized pecuniary behavior by Veblen. Mon, 15 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12570 2023-05-15T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12423 Investimento direto estrangeiro em países membros da IOSCO: a corrupção como fragilidade institucional Feitosa, Marlla de Oliveira The research addressed foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption as an institutional weakness, an issue considered important for international finance. Previous studies examined FDI from macroeconomic determinants, encouraging beautiful seminal theoretical approaches. The problem is that when deciding to enter another country, the investor does not have all the information about the rules of the game in the host country, because of this, studying limitations and incentives of the institutional matrix of a country can facilitate the understanding about FDI. Even the studies that started from the institutional perspective did not consider corruption as a weakness. The general objective of this study was to analyze whether corruption, as a representative factor of institutional fragility, establishes a negative relationship with the accumulated values of foreign direct investments. It was a quantitative research using secondary data from IOSCO member countries. The econometric technique used was the analysis of ordinary least squares data, in the form of panel data. The study found a negative relationship between the accumulated FDI values and the representative metrics of formal and informal rules. The fragility of the formal system was calculated from the number of irregularities pointed out by Organs regulatory bodies of the capital market, as a proxy for corruption. While, the fragility of informal rules, considered the index of perception about the presence of corruption. The results of this study indicate that the variability in the amount of FDI values cannot be explained exclusively by economic factors, in addition, the fragility of a society's formal and informal system must be considered. When this occurs, corruption gains ground and becomes perceived as acceptable behavior; considered a behavior that is part of the game, therefore inhibiting the IDE. Wed, 18 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12423 2023-01-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12421 A relação entre o comitê de auditoria e a opinião do auditor independente Silva, Jorge Luiz Rosa da This thesis aimed to verify whether the activities of the audit committee impact the opinion of independent auditors. The research was based on Agency Theory, based on the assumptions of information asymmetry, agency conflicts and agency costs. For that, a questionnaire with open questions was elaborated, which was answered by ten members of the audit committees, from public and private companies and by six independent auditors, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. For data processing, Laurence Bardin's Content Analysis technique was used. The results suggest that, from the respondents' perception, the activities of the audit committees, carried out in full or in part, summarized using the committees' reports, impact the opinion of the independent auditors. It was confirmed that the use of these reports by the auditor or any other information does not compromise its independence. Confirmation was obtained of the use of the committees' reports, by the independent auditor, as evidence to complement their work. Auditors and members of audit committees confirmed, for the most part, that the opinion of independent auditors is impacted by the use of audit committee reports. The results contribute to strengthening the activities of the audit committees, which consequently will end up making the organizations' corporate governance more robust. Fri, 17 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12421 2023-03-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12147 A divulgação das informações sobre modelos de negócios e seus reflexos na agregação de valor das empresas no Brasil Alves, Paulo César Barbosa In view of the growing interest in the Business Model (BM) theme in the accounting literature, in response to texts issued by international standardization bodies such as the IASB - International Accounting Standards Board, FRC - Financial Reporting Council and the EFRAG - European Financial Reporting Advisory Group, which consider the concepts of BM, this study aims to analyze the contribution of practices of voluntary disclosure of information about the business model in the aggregation of value of companies in Brazil, from the perspective of Information Asymmetry. The sample of companies listed in the Brazil Amplo Index (IBrA) of B3 from 2015 to 2021 was used, analyzing the behavior of the MN disclosure indices and the information asymmetry index (IAI), and its reflections on the cost of capital and value of companies, through multiple linear regressions. The results showed that the disclosure of MN information contributes to the mitigation of information asymmetry, in the reduction of capital costs, impacting the valuation of companies and that the IAI presents positive results regarding the perception of analysts about the disclosure of information in the companies. companies. The results corroborate the hypotheses of this study, contributing to the academic literature on disclosing information and mitigating asymmetries, and their impact on financial indices, as well as demonstrating the importance of disclosure about BM, as part of a research group that seeks to measure the benefits of companies having reports that include the disclosure of the value chain, which facilitates decision-making on investing in companies and/or disclosing the services provided to society. Mon, 28 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12147 2022-11-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12144 Impacto do crédito bancário no crescimento econômico brasileiro entre os anos de 2005 e 2016 Borrasca, Clodemar Rubens Governmental entities must seek the well-being of population and the economic growth is a variable that can provide it. Therefore, understanding the relation between the expansion of bank credit and the variation of GDP has its empirical relevancy, especially to provide less poverty and misery, and better quality of life. The relation between credit offer and product growth is being studied through a theory known as "finance-growth nexus", which precognizes the quality and relation between financial development and economic growth, using the aggregated credit as interest variable and representing the financial intermediation (KING e LEVINE, 1993); BECK et al., 2000; KOOP et al., 2000; LEVINE, 2005; BECK et al.; 2014b). This study sought to identify empirically the relation between bank credit and economic growth in Brazil, in the timespan of 2005 to 2016. To reach this goal, three hypothesys of the individual relation between the explained variables of total aggregated credit, individual credit and corporate credit, with the GDP as a dependent variable using socioeconomical variables as control. The sample is unprecedented, extracted from reports from the Central Bank of Brazil (Banco Central do Brasil), composed of regional data separated by zip code (CEP), with pannel data being used as data model. The results show a positive association between bank credit and GDP per capita. The results of the hypothesys H2, that refers to the impact of the individual credit on the GDP, is constitued of an unprecedented contribution on this field. While prior investigations obtained negative correlation, this study confirmed a positive correlation between individual credit and growth of the GDP. This conclusion can contribute to the theory, because (BECK et al., 2014; JAPELLI e PAGANO, 2014; SASSI e GASMI, 2014; LEON, 2016) present strong evidence of a negative relation of individual credit and the growth of GDP. This information is relevant and contributes to the development of the theory, as it can be associated with the massive individual credit expansion seen in the last decades, and, with the end of the hyper-inflationary period, makes possible the direct credit for the consumer, the housing financing, durable goods and vehicles, besides the development of payroll loans attached to the yields of individual credit. More so, with the robustness test, it was aggregated an unprecedented variable, which englobes the corporate credit and the resources allocated in housing credit and agricultural credit, therefore contributing with the result of the hypothesys structured ex ante. Mon, 21 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12144 2022-11-21T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11825 Autorregulação e motivação dos estudantes e professores universitários do ensino presencial de ciências contábeis ao ensino remoto de emergência Oliveira, Carine de This study investigated how college students in face-to-face Accounting Science education were self-regulated and motivated to fulfill activities in remote emergency education. For this was conducted a mixed method research focused on a private university located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, involving students and professors of Accounting course in the in-class modality at night, who had studied or taught during social isolation in the period of 2020/2021, using emergency remote classes. The data collection was carried out by using questionnaire, focus groups and semi-structured interview. The three questionnaires were applied simultaneously on Google Forms during half 2 of 2021 year. Those data collection questionnaires were OSLQ, MSLQ and ILS. The findings of OSLQ have demonstrate that the learning strategies of surveyed students represent a moderate profile regarding to the Goal Settings and Help Seeking, low rate in terms of Task Strategies, Time Management and Self-Assessment, and only Environment Structure shown the high profile of self-regulated learning. Regarding to MSLQ questionnaire, specifically in the motivational question, it’s can be infer that at least 50% of students are motivated. With respect to ILS findings, the Accounting students have preference to reflexive/sensorial/visual and sequential. The variable gender, age, semester, occupation, area skills and number of subjects taken weren’t correlated with the self-regulation, motivation or learning style. The motivational factors had few correlation with the learning style dichotomies, and there was a significant relationship in the correlations, being them mainly concentrated in factors such as Active/ Sensorial/ Intuitive with beliefs over learning control(CRE), global/ active with self-efficacy and verbal/ reflexive with anxiety. For better understanding of phenomenon, a cluster analysis was carried out using K-Means method, under which are grouped students with the same characteristics in relation to the use of self-regulated leaning strategies were grouped together, three heterogeneous groups in terms of self-regulated learning were presented. The combination within each group represents an unique pattern that distinguish them. Groups 2 and 3 were on average presented self-regulated and motivated and the group 1 in which deserve a special attention presented non regulated and unmotivated. Such findings brings evidence distinct experiences among higher education students of Accounting and how they developed the learning self-regulation strategies, which was evident with in the answers to the open-ended questions and the focus group. For the open-ended question it was observed in the students’ answers that there were more negative considerations about the factors that interfere in the teaching-learning in remote and/or simultaneous classes, among more related questions are the lack of suitable structure and distractions. Keeping the open questions findings, the negative points outweigh the positive ones in relation to structure, classes, teachers and feelings. In the focus group the students present more variable of motivation, but still maintained some negative ones. In the interviews with the teachers, the motivational style of the teachers was more controlling, and in relation to the pedagogical procedures, they were mostly traditional, but with more openness to innovation, some teachers risked new strategies. Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11825 2022-02-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11817 Posicionamento estratégico e sua relação com a dispersão salarial entre CEOs e trabalhadores nas empresas listadas na B3 Vargas, Sandra Belloli de This research deals with strategic positioning and salary dispersion. Those topics are essential for management accounting, as previous studies seek to understand how competitive strategies related to remuneration and influence the financial performance of companies. This study analyses the relationship between strategic positioning and wages dispersion between CEOs and workers. A quantitative approach conducted using secondary data from publicly traded Brazilian companies listed at Brasil, Bolsa and Balcão (B3). The econometric techniques performed were confirmatory factor analysis and the least squares structural equation modelling (PLS) for quantitative variables, as for binary variables, the generalized structural equation modelling (GSEM). This study indicates that companies that seek cost leadership have lower economic performance than companies that seek differentiation. It was found that the number of members of the Board of Directors and the number of independent members were positively related to differentiation. The data also showed that salary dispersion between CEOs and workers was related to the number of members on the Board. However, cost leadership and differentiation strategies were not statistically related to salary dispersion. It indicates the limitations of strategic positioning to explain salary dispersion heterogeneity. Thus, the set of results contributes to the literature on strategic positioning, by inferring that salary dispersion can be a useful tool to consider in the structuring of workers compensation, given that it was positively associated with economic-financial performance. Thu, 24 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11817 2022-02-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11252 Práticas contábeis no tratamento do ativo imobilizado: evidências de Heurísticas e Decoupling Silva, Gabriela Dias da Although more than ten years have elapsed since the convergence of accounting to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) standards, the use of tax depreciation rates is still present in Brazilian corporate accounting. The research sought to understand the practices of IFRS implementation in the treatment of fixed assets, with an emphasis on depreciation, in the Brazilian context. To collect the data, I conducted interviews with 29 accountants, based on a semi-structured guide, in order to know the primary practices that were present in the JDM of these professionals in the tasks performed. Data were processed, coded, and allocated into themes using Reflective Thematic Analysis. The research approach is qualitative, exploratory, with inductive coding, and it was carried out under the interpretive paradigm. Based on my interpretation of the reports of the accountants interviewed, I found three IFRS implementation practices in the treatment of fixed assets in the investigated context: shifting tasks to consultancies; simplifying records and accounting controls, and; using interdisciplinarity as an alternative in carrying out tasks. Additionally, I identified some barriers and challenges that professionals face when implementing standards, translating them into practices within organizations: the cost of generating information is high; the standards are complex and require specific knowledge; there are communication problems between internal sectors of the companies, and; asset accounting controls are non-existent or ineffective. The results were discussed from the approach of Heuristics and Institutional Theory concepts and allowed additional observations: accountants technically depend on other professionals and lost space for action; the high costs of services make it impossible to carry out the tasks annually; external reports are certificates of compliance, and finally, I observed that tax rules are still widely accepted for accounting purposes. The main theoretical contribution of the work consists of the thesis that the context of low professional qualification and the high cost of generating information allowed the use of judgment shortcuts, contributing to the occurrence of isomorphism and/or decoupling related to the practices of fixed assets and depreciation. Thu, 31 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/11252 2022-03-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10896 Income Smoothing e gerenciamento de resultados por diferimento tributário sobre o resultado em companhias listadas na B3 Ferreira, Júlio César This research deals with deferred income taxes arising from temporary differences and their effects on the companies' results, in the context of the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and regulated by NBC TG 32 -Taxes on Profits. The objective is to analyze the impact of tax deferrals as an income smoothing and results management practice in companies listed on B3. We used public data extracted from the Economática® database and the Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) website. The analysis period comprised 2010 to 2020. This period is justified by covering the changes related to convergence to IFRS international accounting standards, through NBC TG 32. As a metric for result management the Modified Jones model was used and as a procedure to identify the presence of smoothed results, the measure called (EM1) of Leuz, Nanda and Wisocky (2003) was adopted as a metric. To carry out this study, methodologically, the final sample was composed of 177 companies, resulting in 1947 observations. The data analysis occurred, initially, with the use of univariate statistics, to perform the descriptive analysis of the data. Later, to evaluate the impact of tax deferral on earnings management, the regression technique with panel data was used. To choose the panel model to be adopted, among fixed, random, or pooled effects, the Breusch-Pagan, Chow, and Hausman tests were performed, resulting in the pool model being the most appropriate. The analysis of the descriptive statistics of the values of the deferred taxes on profit revealed that the deferred taxes positively affect the companies' results, increasing the profit or decreasing the loss for the period. In the model estimations, the degrees of management and smoothing of results showed a significant negative interaction with deferred taxes, indicating that companies that practice management and smoothing of results have a lower incidence of deferred taxes, i.e. there is a tendency for companies with more management and smoothing of results to recognize less deferred taxes. Thus, a more pronounced association between Deferred Taxes and Earnings Management was not identified. Furthermore, the influence of deferred taxes on earnings management and smoothing was identified, to the extent that the higher the presence of deferred taxes, the lower the level of earnings management and smoothing present in the companies' statements. As a result of the results, it was found that the Agency Theory provides support to the phenomenon studied, given that good accounting practices through the NBC TG-32 reflect on the quality of accounting information, being capable of promoting the reduction of informational asymmetry problems between economic agents, to the extent that alignment and monitoring of contractual agency relations are established. And, finally, the contribution of this thesis is in presenting a trend of institutional change in manager's behavior in the face of opportunistic motivation, contributing to the credibility of data in accounting and fiscal reports and also to the efficiency of this information as relevant for the Brazilian capital market. Wed, 17 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10896 2021-11-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10761 Remuneração de executivos, tensões dinâmicas, inovação e desempenho de empresas atuantes no Brasil Leite, Edileia Gonçalves The research contemplated the compensation system of executives, an important instrument of management control and corporate governance mechanism. Its objective was to analyze the relationship between executive compensation, dynamic tensions, innovation, and organizational performance. It was a quantitative research which used primary data obtained through surveys and secondary data of 200 companies acting in Brazil and listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3). We used descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling based on variance with Partial Least Squares (PLS) estimation to test the research hypotheses and the cluster analysis with three clusters to analyze the adjustments between the use and the design of the executive compensation systems, the technological innovation and its dynamic tensions, which provide a higher perception of organizational performance. The results indicated that the dynamic control tension, resulting from the product of the averages of the diagnostic and interactive uses of executive compensation is positively related to the dynamic tensions of innovation and indirectly related to performance through technological innovation. It was found that the compensation package is indirectly related to organizational performance through technological innovation. It was also verified that technological innovation fits positively with organizational performance. It was not possible to validate the hypotheses which state that dynamic innovation tensions are related to organizational development and that dynamic control tension moderates the relation between the dynamic innovation tensions and organizational development. Through a cluster analysis, it was found that the greatest performance was reached by the cluster of companies that obtained the highest statistically meaningful averages and differences for the interactive use of the executive compensation system, of the compensation package, technological innovation and dynamic innovation tensions. It was concluded that the compensation system of executives, through its interactive use and diagnostic, as well as the compensation package, promote technological innovation and provide greater performance. Thu, 26 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10761 2021-08-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10538 Análise da eficiência no modelo de financiamento do transporte metroferroviário no Brasil Brum, Maria Cecilia da Silva Railway passenger transport in Brazil is predominantly operated by public companies, the majority of which are heavily subsidized to fund their operations. Although the importance of subsidization as a source of financing transport systems is recognized, literature suggests it may be one of the reasons for their inefficiency. Unsatisfactory performance transfers the cost of inefficiency to transport users, or to the government, affecting both the population's access to the transport system and public budget, the latter of which is already severely compromised. The objective of this research was to analyze the efficiency of Brazilian railway systems relative to financing model, thereby examining the theory that subsidization affects efficiency and that there is an inverse relationship between the two. The efficiency of the railway companies was determined using the Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA method, supported by Window Analysis and with consideration to the variable returns model. The period under analysis dated from 2014 to 2019 and used a sample of eight companies, representing 90% of passengers transported by the Brazilian railway system. Tobit’s regression model was employed to determine the relationship between efficiency levels and subsidization. The resultant parameters revealed that subsidization is associated with higher expenses and lower revenues from tariffs. Thus, the initial theory was confirmed - subsidized systems are indeed, less efficient. A total cost function was determined, verifying the predominance of increasing returns to scale, confirming that most companies operate below their optimal capacity, and consequently that they do not benefit from scale gains. When identifying an inverse relationship between economic efficiency and subsidization, it is assumed that the public choice to utilize transport subsidization to improve the population's access to it, was not accompanied by a policy to improve efficiency, something which increasingly compromises the public budget. This fact becomes even more relevant when considering as there is a high social cost for establishing a tariff that covers the operational costs of metro-railway companies. Wed, 29 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/10538 2021-09-29T00:00:00Z