http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1647 PPG Direito Sun, 12 Apr 2026 07:48:31 GMT 2026-04-12T07:48:31Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13966 Integração da ética das virtudes com a bioética e o biodireito: uma proposta teleológica de análise ética e normativa a partir da tradição aristotélico-tomista Ritter, Pedro Lopes This thesis proposes a bioethical approach that integrates Aristotelian-Thomistic philosophy, virtue ethics, casuistry, and biolaw, seeking to overcome the limitations of moral relativism and non-cognitivism. In the initial sections, moral cognitivism and the possibility of judging human actions as good or bad based on objective criteria anchored in eudaimonia are discussed. In this sense, every human action should be aligned with a final end—human flourishing—enabling an objective assessment of conduct. Virtue ethics, especially phronesis (prudence), emerges as key to moral deliberation. By combining prudence with casuistry, a practical method is obtained for systematically analyzing concrete cases, thus warding off relativistic criticisms in bioethics. By comparing similar cases, it becomes possible to identify moral maxims and specific circumstances, making it feasible to select the most appropriate action. This approach differs from pure principlism, as it incorporates a teleological perspective sensitive to cultural context. Biolaw acts as a normative link, ensuring that ethical reflection finds practical application. By regulating and guiding medical and technoscientific development, biolaw safeguards human rights and ensures that the capacity to achieve eudaimonia is respected. Thus, ethical conclusions cease to be merely abstract and become normative. This is crucial for preventing cases like Tuskegee and the pseudomedical “research” of the Holocaust, reducing the likelihood of such atrocities recurring. The thesis advocates respect for cultural plurality, combined with a contemporary telos filled by human rights, as a central element for building healthy societies. Although international cooperation is necessary, it is essential to consider the specificities of different peoples, making ethical judgments more effective. One of the main tools proposed for analysis is casuistry, which, through millennia-old resources such as rhetoric and topoi, allows different cases to be brought together, highlights common factors, and thus constructs an ethics suited to particular circumstances. In sum, this thesis aims to employ classic instruments, adapted to the contemporary context, to conduct deep bioethical analyses sensitive to the human telos, avoiding the dangers of relativism and ensuring a more solid and humane approach. Mon, 16 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13966 2025-06-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13965 O autoritarismo relacional brasileiro no contexto da hipermodernidade Costa, Oswaldo Poll This thesis examines the Brazilian authoritarian tradition, with particular emphasis on its manifestations within the Judiciary, through the development of the concept of relational authoritarianism. To this end, it presents an analysis of the current global context, marked by the crisis of the State and hypermodernity – as well as characterized by a series of interconnected crises that lead to the notion of constitutional chãos – in order to explore its connections with contemporary expressions of Brazilian authoritarianism. These connections are essential to understanding the two most significant legal phenomena that currently contribute to the reproduction of an authoritarian logic within Brazil’s justice system: judicial activism and penal garantism. A historical reconstruction is undertaken to trace the legal and institutional transplants that were decisive in shaping Brazilian society. Concepts such as Republic, democracy, and popular sovereignty—imported and adapted in a peculiar manner within the Brazilian context—are shown to have been employed not with the intent of transforming social reality, but rather as pragmatic tools to legitimize the status quo. By examining both the international context and Brazilian tradition, the thesis demonstrates how judicial activism and penal garantism have become key mechanisms for sustaining authoritarian dynamics within the justice system. These insights, combined with a critical discussion on the concept of power, enable a deeper understanding of the specific characteristics of Brazilian authoritarianism, conceptualized here as relational authoritarianism. This form of authoritarianism is defined as a broad and complex network of relationships that, in practice, denies effective access to citizenship to large segments of the population excluded from certain social circles, while simultaneously seeking legitimacy through discourses grounded in ideas promoted by major global centers of cultural production. Tue, 28 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13965 2025-10-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13961 Fundamentos para uma distinção entre liberdade de expressão e Fake News – Liefare - a partir da crítica hermenêutica do Direito Oliveira, Luiz Antonio da Silva The thesis investigates the foundations and limits of the right to freedom of expression in light of the Fake News phenomenon within contemporary constitutional democracies. It is based on the premise that freedom of expression is an indispensable condition for the consolidation of the Democratic Rule of Law, especially during electoral periods when the formation of popular will depends on truthful and transparent information. The study, grounded in the Hermeneutic Critique of Law – a theoretical framework developed by Lenio Streck –, seeks to establish criteria capable of distinguishing freedom of expression (as a principle-based argument) from Fake News (as a predatory political argument, or Liefare). Methodologically, it adopts hermeneutic phenomenology, drawing on Heidegger and Gadamer, through documentary and bibliographical research. The analysis focuses on the 2018 and 2022 Brazilian elections, in which Fake News proved decisive in manipulating public opinion. It concludes that freedom of expression and Fake News are essentially incompatible phenomena, making it necessary to establish legal criteria that preserve freedom without allowing its capture by disinformation practices.; La tesis investiga los fundamentos y límites del derecho a la libertad de expresión frente al fenómeno de las Fake News en el contexto de las democracias constitucionales contemporáneas. Se parte del supuesto de que la libertad de expresión constituye una condición indispensable para la consolidación del Estado Democrático de Derecho, especialmente durante los períodos electorales, en los cuales la formación de la voluntad popular depende de información veraz y transparente. El estudio, a la luz de la Crítica Hermenéutica del Derecho – marco teórico desarrollado por Lenio Streck –, busca establecer criterios que permitan distinguir la libertad de expresión (como argumento de principio) de las Fake News (como argumento de política depredadora, el Liefare). Metodológicamente, se adopta la fenomenología hermenéutica, basada en Heidegger y Gadamer, mediante investigación documental y bibliográfica. El análisis se centra en las elecciones de 2018 y 2022, en las cuales las Fake News demostraron ser decisivas en la manipulación de la opinión pública. Se concluye que la libertad de expresión y las Fake News son fenómenos esencialmente incompatibles, siendo necesario establecer criterios jurídicos que preserven la libertad sin permitir su captura por prácticas de desinformación. Tue, 16 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13961 2025-12-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13960 O animal outro que humano: personalidade jurídica no cosmopolitismo jurídico – a virada ontológica a partir das elefantas Wolf, Karen Emilia Antoniazzi This research proposes an epistemological and legal reconfiguration aimed at recognizing the non-human animal as a natural person and subject of rights, within the context of Latin America's Westernized legal cosmopolitanism. By critically examining modern and binary paradigms that position the human as the sole normative subject and legitimizer of conduct and rights, the study seeks to break away from the dominant anthropocentric tradition, which is upheld by hegemonic stereotypes of humanity based on normative standards such as the human/hetero/normative model. The central problem lies in investigating, through the identification of the human animal as the dominant social actor, the extent to which it is possible to construct a new legal-political epistemology that allows for the deconstruction of exclusionary social imaginaries and the consequent formulation of a new legal category of person applicable to non-human animals. The hypothesis is that approaches grounded in cosmopolitics, decolonial epistemologies, and queer theory—through shared values, capacities, and processes of queerization—create the conditions for constructing this new legal horizon in the Anthropocene. The general objective is to establish the foundations for recognizing non-human animals as subjects of rights with legal personality, through the lens of critical cosmopolitanism and anti-modern approaches. To this end, specific objectives include analyzing the legal constitution of the animal in modern theory, investigating anti-modern and decolonial perspectives, deconstructing stereotypes that define the human ideal, identifying scientific arguments used to justify non-human domination, analyzing social markers that legitimize behaviors and exclusions, and presenting the empirical case of elephants trafficked from Asia to Latin America as a symbolic example of the need for legal re-signification. The methodology adopted is phenomenological-hermeneutic, combined with dialectical analysis, aimed at challenging the binary concepts inherited from modernity and enabling a reinterpretation of law. Language is understood as a central element in meaning-making and in bridging tradition with critical awareness, recognizing that the construction of rights must reflect the complexity of human and non-human relationships and experiences. In this sense, the thesis proposes an interpretive shift in the legal field, guided by interspecies justice, in order to re-signify the legal personality of the non-human animal in light of contemporary ethical, philosophical, and environmental demands. Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13960 2025-10-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13958 Consulta pública eletrônica e a LINDB: a construção da cidadania participativa digital na edição dos atos normativos federais do sistema único de assistência social Paganini, Juliana This research analyzed the conditions under which the use of electronic public consultation under the Law of Introduction to the Norms of Brazilian Law (LINDB), in the publication of federal normative acts for the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS), constitutes a prerequisite for strengthening participatory digital citizenship in the Brazilian Public Administration. The history of Public Administration has been marked by patrimonialist practices, in which public assets were conflated with private interests and decisions were made in a hierarchical and centralized manner. Although, over time, the country has transitioned to bureaucratic, managerial, social (societal), and, to some extent, electronic public management models, patrimonialist traits still persist, limiting popular participation to a passive stance regarding the decisions of elected officials. The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (CRFB/1988) established three forms of exercising popular sovereignty: indirect, direct, and semi-direct. And even though indirect participation, through political representation, is the most common, there is growing social dissatisfaction with administrative decisions made top-down and without dialogue with society. This scenario reinforces the urgency of expanding channels for citizen participation, especially in the development of administrative normative acts. This is because, with the amendment of the LINDB in 2018, Article 29 now provides for the possibility of conducting public consultations prior to the issuance of normative acts by the Public Administration, in all spheres. However, in the field of social assistance, despite its recognition as a right—and no longer a favor—by the 1988 CRFB (Brazilian Constitution) and the fact that the importance of public participation is enshrined in both the SUAS and the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS), the implementation of this participation remains limited. Although the Ministry of Development and Social Assistance, Family, and Fight against Hunger (MDS), through the National Secretariat of Social Assistance (SNAS), launched the Normative Acts Management System in 2020 to bring together the SUAS and PNAS regulations on a single platform for public consultation, this instrument did not address participatory citizenship, as its merely advisory nature lacks mechanisms that enable direct public intervention in the regulatory process. Therefore, the research question relates to the overall objective, as the guiding question of this thesis seeks to determine: under what conditions does the use of the LINDB electronic public consultation system (LINDB) in the publication of federal SUAS normative acts constitute a prerequisite for strengthening digital participatory citizenship in the Brazilian Public Administration? The hypothesis is that this would be possible through an intuitive and accessible electronic platform that provides a space open to popular participation, respecting the constitutional parameters of the Democratic Rule of Law. The specific objectives were: a) to present the trajectory of Brazilian Public Administration and its transformations with the advent of the Information Society in the Democratic State of Law; b) to study the lack of popular participation in the process of publishing and consulting federal regulatory acts of the SUAS (National Health System) in light of the Information Society; and c) to propose a new form of management capable of contributing to the consolidation of Brazilian digital participatory citizenship, considering the use of the LINDB electronic public consultation in the publishing of federal regulatory acts of the SUAS. The research adopted the deductive approach and the monographic procedure method, using bibliographic and documentary research techniques. The results demonstrated that, despite the existence of the "Participa + Brasil" and "Brasil Participativo" platforms as tools for public consultation on public policies, both have weaknesses. Therefore, the creation of the "Consulta SUAS" platform is proposed, which will contribute to the consolidation of public management less guided by patrimonialist practices and more guided by an electronic Public Administration. Thus, it is expected that the use of the electronic public consultation provided for in article 29 of the LINDB will be effectively incorporated as a tool for democratizing federal regulatory processes within the scope of SUAS, thus strengthening digital participatory citizenship in Brazil.; Esta investigación analizó las condiciones bajo las cuales el uso de la consulta pública electrónica, de conformidad con la Ley de Introducción a las Normas del Derecho Brasileño (LINDB), en la publicación de actos normativos federales del Sistema Único de Asistencia Social (SUAS), constituye un prerrequisito para el fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía digital participativa en la Administración Pública brasileña. La historia de la Administración Pública ha estado marcada por prácticas patrimonialistas, en las que los bienes públicos se fusionaban con los intereses privados y las decisiones se tomaban de forma jerárquica y centralizada. Si bien, con el tiempo, el país ha transitado hacia modelos de gestión pública burocráticos, gerenciales, sociales (societales) y, en cierta medida, electrónicos, aún persisten rasgos patrimonialistas, que limitan la participación popular a una postura pasiva ante las decisiones de los funcionarios electos. La Constitución de la República Federativa del Brasil de 1988 (CRFB/1988) estableció tres formas de ejercicio de la soberanía popular: indirecta, directa y semidirecta. Y si bien la participación indirecta, a través de la representación política, es la más común, existe una creciente insatisfacción social con las decisiones administrativas tomadas verticalmente y sin diálogo con la sociedad. Este escenario refuerza la urgencia de ampliar los canales de participación ciudadana, especialmente en la elaboración de actos normativos administrativos. Esto se debe a que, con la modificación de la LINDB en 2018, el artículo 29 ahora prevé la posibilidad de realizar consultas públicas previas a la emisión de actos normativos por parte de la Administración Pública, en todos los ámbitos. Sin embargo, en el ámbito de la asistencia social, a pesar de su reconocimiento como un derecho —y ya no como un favor— por la CRFB (Constitución de Brasil) de 1988 y de que la importancia de la participación popular está consagrada tanto en la SUAS (Política Nacional de Asistencia Social) como en la Política Nacional de Asistencia Social (PNAS), la implementación de esta participación sigue siendo limitada. Aunque el Ministerio de Desarrollo y Asistencia Social, Familia y Combate al Hambre (MDS), a través de la Secretaría Nacional de Asistencia Social (SNAS), lanzó el Sistema de Gestión de Actos Normativos en 2020 para reunir las regulaciones del SUAS y PNAS en una única plataforma de consulta pública, este instrumento no abordó la ciudadanía participativa, ya que su naturaleza meramente consultiva carece de mecanismos que permitan la intervención pública directa en el proceso regulatorio. Por lo tanto, la pregunta de investigación se relaciona con el objetivo general, ya que la pregunta guía de esta tesis busca determinar: ¿bajo qué condiciones el uso del sistema electrónico de consulta pública LINDB (LINDB) en la publicación de los actos normativos federales del SUAS constituye un prerrequisito para el fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía participativa digital en la Administración Pública brasileña? La hipótesis es que esto sería posible a través de una plataforma electrónica intuitiva y accesible que brinde un espacio abierto a la participación popular, respetando los parámetros constitucionales del Estado Democrático de Derecho. Los objetivos específicos fueron: a) presentar la trayectoria de la Administración Pública brasileña y sus transformaciones con el advenimiento de la Sociedad de la Información en el Estado Democrático de Derecho; b) estudiar la falta de participación ciudadana en el proceso de publicación y consulta de las leyes regulatorias federales del SUAS (Sistema Único de Salud) en el contexto de la Sociedad de la Información; y c) proponer una nueva forma de gestión que contribuya a la consolidación de la ciudadanía digital participativa brasileña, considerando el uso de la consulta pública electrónica LINDB en la publicación de las leyes regulatorias federales del SUAS. La investigación adoptó el enfoque deductivo y el método monográfico, empleando técnicas de investigación bibliográfica y documental. Los resultados demostraron que, a pesar de la existencia de las plataformas "Participa + Brasil" y "Brasil Participativo" como herramientas de consulta pública sobre políticas públicas, ambas presentan debilidades. Por lo tanto, se propone la creación de la plataforma "Consulta SUAS", que contribuirá a la consolidación de una gestión pública menos orientada por prácticas patrimonialistas y más orientada por una Administración Pública electrónica. De esta forma, se espera que el uso de la consulta pública electrónica prevista en el artículo 29 del LINDB se incorpore eficazmente como herramienta para democratizar los procesos regulatorios federales en el ámbito del SUAS, fortaleciendo así la ciudadanía digital participativa en Brasil. Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13958 2025-09-19T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13956 A convergência da propriedade intelectual com a inteligência artificial: um framework estratégico para a gestão de patentes Schmitz, Gabriele dos Anjos This doctoral thesis investigates the convergence between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and patent management in Brazilian Scientific and Technological Institutions (STIs), in response to the structural, normative, and operational challenges that affect Intellectual Property (IP) governance in contexts of technological intensification. The research is based on the recognition that AI not only enhances process efficiency but also reconfigures the ways in which knowledge is produced, protected, and exploited, demanding legal and institutional approaches capable of ensuring regulatory compliance, accountability, and transparency. The central hypothesis of the study is that the implementation of a strategic framework — centered on human mediation and structured along three axes (technical, legal, and institutional) — enables responsible algorithmic governance. The theoretical foundation articulates the contributions of Niklas Luhmann, Gunther Teubner, and Bruno Latour, offering insights to understand AI as a structural coupling agent among the legal, scientific, and economic systems. Methodologically, the thesis combines literature review, regulatory analysis, and empirical research with 31 Brazilian STIs, along with participant observation drawn from the author's professional experience in Scientific and Technological Institutions. As a result, it proposes a framework composed of three macro-stages (identification, protection/formalization, and monetization) and three transversal layers (technical curation, normative validation, and institutional governance), validated both theoretically and empirically. The research also includes a critical analysis of Bill No. 2.338/2023 and the development of a practical implementation roadmap for the proposed framework, both of which are presented in the appendices. The findings of this study contribute to strengthening the institutional capacities of Technology Innovation Centers (NITs) and improving IP management practices within Brazilian STIs, while also promoting, on a broader level, the enhancement of public policies and the consolidation of IP governance aligned with principles of transparency, functional efficiency, and regulatory sustainability in the national innovation ecosystem.; Esta tesis doctoral investiga la convergencia de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la gestión de patentes en las Instituciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (ICT) brasileñas, en respuesta a los desafíos estructurales, normativos y operativos que atraviesan la gobernanza de la Propiedad Intelectual (PI) en contextos de intensificación tecnológica. La investigación parte del reconocimiento de que la IA no solo potencia la eficiencia de los procesos, sino que también reconfigura los modos de producción, protección y explotación del conocimiento, exigiendo enfoques jurídicos e institucionales capaces de garantizar conformidad regulatoria, responsabilidad y transparencia. La hipótesis que orienta este trabajo sostiene que la implementación de un marco estratégico, centrado en la mediación humana y estructurado en tres ejes — técnico, jurídico e institucional—, posibilita una gobernanza algorítmica responsable. La fundamentación teórica articula las contribuciones de Niklas Luhmann, Gunther Teubner y Bruno Latour, que permiten comprender la IA como un agente de acoplamiento estructural entre los sistemas jurídico, científico y económico. Metodológicamente, la tesis combina revisión bibliográfica, análisis normativo y una encuesta empírica aplicada a 31 ICT brasileñas, además de incorporar observación participante derivada de la actuación profesional de la autora en Instituciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Como resultado, se propone un marco compuesto por tres macroetapas (identificación, protección/formalización y monetización) y tres capas transversales (curaduría técnica, validación normativa y gobernanza institucional), validado teórica y empíricamente. La investigación incluye, además, un análisis crítico del Proyecto de Ley n.º 2.338/2023, así como la elaboración de una hoja de ruta práctica para la implementación del marco propuesto, ambos presentados en los apéndices. Los hallazgos de esta investigación contribuyen al fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales de los Núcleos de Innovación Tecnológica (NIT) y a la cualificación de las prácticas de gestión de la Propiedad Intelectual en las ICT brasileñas, promoviendo, en un plano más amplio, el perfeccionamiento de las políticas públicas y la consolidación de una gobernanza de la PI alineada con los principios de transparencia, eficiencia funcional y sostenibilidad regulatoria en el ecosistema nacional de innovación. Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13956 2025-08-20T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13881 A abstrativização do controle difuso de constitucionalidade e a possibilidade de sua conformação à jurisdição constitucional brasileira, sob a perspectiva da crítica hermenêutica do direito Delapieve, Thales Borges This thesis undertakes a critique of Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction tradition, focusing on the abstraction of diffuse constitutional review, as advocated by Brazil’s Supreme Cout (STF), based on the alleged constitutional mutation of article 52, X, of Brazil’s Constitution. The central objective is to analyze the compatibility of this abstraction with Brazilian Law from the perspective of Hermeneutic Critique of Law (Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito — CHD). The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section addresses preparatory elements related to the Hermeneutic Critique of Law (Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito — CHD) and examines the linguistic and theoretical foundations underlying the current model of Brazilian constitutional review. The second section investigates contemporary issues in Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction, such as legal realism, the inadequate distinction between judicial activism and the judicialization of politics, and the inappropriate reception of foreign theories — such as common law precedents and, particularly, constitutional mutation — arguing that these theoretical imports have been politically utilized by Brazil’s Supreme Court to justify a "state of constitutional exception." The third section discusses the institutional crisis of the Supreme Court, linked to its pursuit of self-affirmation as the authentic interpreter of the Constitution, and proposes pathways for the future of constitutional jurisdiction, advocating for the need for an adequate Theory of Legal Decision-Making and a Constitutional Amendment to enable the abstraction of diffuse constitutional review. It concludes that the abstraction, as currently defended by the Supreme Court (STF), is incompatible with Brazilian law, violating the duty of coherence and the integrity of Brazil’s Constitution, and requires formal constitutional reforms for its implementation. The thesis aims to foster a discussion on the abstraction of diffuse constitutional review, ensuring it is not solely dependent on the STF's discretion — even suggesting the establishment of a dedicated procedural mechanism for this purpose. This work is grounded in the phenomenological-hermeneutic "method," inseparable from the Hermeneutic Critique of Law (Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito — CHD). Tue, 29 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13881 2025-04-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13880 Metaverso e consumidores hipervulneráveis: fundamentos para a positivação dos direitos à privacidade, integridade cognitiva e do sistema nervoso de crianças e adolescentes, no Brasil e no MERCOSUL Neves, Luciana Sabbatine The research analyzes data protection in Brazil and MERCOSUR in the context of the Metaverse, focusing on children and adolescents, recognized as a hypervulnerable group. The central problem investigates the main vulnerabilities faced by this group in the face of the fusion between the physical and digital, questioning to what extent MERCOSUR could adopt the Brazilian solution to regulate the Metaverse and mitigate such vulnerabilities, especially in the use and processing of personal data. The working hypothesis, intended to provisionally answer the research problem presented, is based on the assumption that the Metaverse is not a product of a single company, but a complex of products and services in the consumer market, which uses, extracts, processes and transfers personal data of its users. Therefore, Lipovetsky's contributions on the intertwining of capitalism and consumption will be used to outline the special characteristics of this new universe that converge to increase the vulnerabilities of children and adolescents who operate in this scenario, especially those arising from the lack of preservation of the right to nervous system and cognitive integrity and privacy, which must be protected, in addition to the other vulnerabilities (technical, legal, socioeconomic and informational) already recognized by the doctrine. To this end, the contributions of Cançado Trindade's general theory of human rights serve as support for the recognition of this new vulnerability (to nervous system and cognitive integrity and privacy), based on the new human and fundamental right that is proposed. Likewise, Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem's theory, related to multilevel regulation, serves as the basis for the proposal to establish a normative provision, in Brazil and, in the future, at the regional level of MERCOSUR, with an impact on the domestic law of the States, aimed at protecting the personal data of children and adolescents who operate in the Metaverse. To this end, it start from the mitigating aspects of vulnerability related to the protection of personal data of this hypervulnerable group, as recognized by MERCOSUR itself and which are partially outlined – in Brazil, by articles 7 of the CDC, 64 of the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and by the Updated Principles on Privacy and Protection of Personal Data of the OAS; and in MERCOSUR, by article 3 of Resolution No. 11/2021 (Protection of the Hypervulnerable Consumer) – to list good practices to be adopted in favor of protecting this category. The study uses a qualitative, hypothetical-deductive approach, combining normative-descriptive, comparative and explanatory methods. As a result, the initial hypothesis is partially confirmed, identifying a regulatory gap in terms of hard law. The research concludes that regulation in Brazil can serve as a reference for MERCOSUR and reduce the hypervulnerability of this group, highlighting the need to establish the right to privacy and nervous system and cognitive integrity as a new human and fundamental right.; La investigación analiza la protección de datos en Brasil y en el MERCOSUR en el contexto del Metaverso, con foco en niños y adolescentes, reconocidos como grupo hipervulnerable. El problema central investiga las principales vulnerabilidades que enfrenta este grupo ante la fusión entre lo físico y digital, cuestionando hasta qué punto el MERCOSUR podría adoptar la solución brasileña para regular el Metaverso y mitigar dichas vulnerabilidades, especialmente en el uso y procesamiento de datos personales. La hipótesis de trabajo, que pretende responder provisionalmente al problema de investigación planteado, se basa en el supuesto de que el Metaverso no es un producto de una sola empresa, sino un complejo de productos y servicios en el mercado de consumo, que utiliza, extrae, procesa y transfiere datos personales de sus usuarios. Por lo tanto, los aportes de Lipovetsky sobre el entrelazamiento del capitalismo y el consumo son utilizados para delinear las características especiales de este nuevo universo que confluyen para incrementar las vulnerabilidades de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que actúan en este escenario, especialmente aquellas derivadas de la falta de preservación del derecho a la integridad neuronal y cognitiva y a la privacidad, que deben ser objeto de protección, más allá de las demás vulnerabilidades (técnicas, jurídicas, socioeconómicas e informacionales) ya reconocidas por la doctrina. Para ello, los aportes de la teoría general de los derechos humanos de Cançado Trindade sirven de sustento para el reconocimiento de esta nueva vulnerabilidad (a la integridad y a la privacidad cognitiva y del sistema nervioso), a partir del nuevo derecho humano y fundamental que se propone. Asimismo, la teoría de Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, relativa a la regulación multinivel, sirve de base a la propuesta de establecer una disposición normativa, en Brasil y, en el futuro, en el ámbito regional del MERCOSUR, con impacto en el derecho interno de los Estados, destinada a la protección de los datos personales de niños, niñas y adolescentes que operan en el Metaverso. Para ello, partimos de los aspectos mitigadores de la vulnerabilidad relacionados con la protección de datos personales de este grupo hipervulnerable, tal como reconoce el propio MERCOSUR y que están parcialmente delineados – en Brasil, por los artículos 7º de la CDC, 64 de la Ley General de Protección de Datos (LGPD) y por los Principios Actualizados sobre Privacidad y Protección de Datos Personales de la OEA; en el MERCOSUR, por el artículo 3 de la Resolución N° 11/2021 (Protección de los Consumidores Hipervulnerables) – para enumerar buenas prácticas en favor de la protección de esta categoría. El estudio utiliza un enfoque cualitativo, de carácter hipotético-deductivo, combinando métodos normativo-descriptivo, comparativo y explicativo. En consecuencia, la hipótesis inicial se confirma parcialmente, revelando un vacío regulatorio en términos de hard law. La investigación concluye que la regulación en Brasil puede servir de referencia para el MERCOSUR a fin de reducir la hipervulnerabilidad de este grupo, destacándose la necesidad de establecer el derecho a la privacidad y a la integridad neuronal y cognitiva como un nuevo derecho humano y fundamental. Wed, 27 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13880 2025-08-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13879 Herbert Hart e a “Gramática das Regras Jurídicas”: um giro linguístico na Teoria do Direito Silva, Jayme Camargo da The existence of a linguistic turn in Hart’s theory of Law (specifically, in “The Concept of Law”), structured from two fundamental notions of his linguistic method, that is, the “methodological criterion” and the “rule”, was the topic developed. The general objective was to outline the path that manifests the link between the linguistic method and the linguistic turn through the analysis of the notion of rule-following. This path was called “grammar of legal rules”. This expression has a double meaning: i) following social rules affecting the formulation of Hart’s methodological criterion (broad sense); and ii) rules as explanatory criteria of the logic of functioning of the concept of Law (strict sense). The specific objectives unfold as follows: i) going from the linguistic turn in philosophy to the following of social rules; ii) analyzing Hart’s theory of rules in light of the author’s methodological criterion; and iii) to distinguish the notions of method and rules in Hart and Kelsen and to establish the introduction of the participant's perspective in Hart. To this end, the Analytical-Descriptive and Historical-Exegetical Methods were used. The idea of “methodological criteria” points to the distinction between internal and external points of view in the consideration of rules. The notion of “rule” indicates the use of shared standards for the criticism of conduct. The central problem of the study, therefore, was to verify whether the “grammar of legal rules” is structured as an adequate instrument to establish the transition between method and linguistic turn in Hart's theory of Law. A conceptual path was established that started from the linguistic turn, as the assumption of language as the core of philosophical reflection, to the exposition of the philosophical grammar of the rules of language, according to the terms of the so-called second Wittgenstein. The influence of the idea of “following social rules” (“Philosophical Investigations”) on Hart’s aforementioned work was highlighted, by explaining legal rules from their methodological criteria, therefore, from the social practice of following rules. The notion of legal rule was analyzed as a social rule, and as primary rules and secondary rules. The aim was to clarify how its aspects contribute to the logic of the functioning of the concept of Law. Having established Hart’s grammar of rules, it was contrasted with Kelsen’s model of legal rules. The study concluded, with reference to Brian Bix, by emphasising the significance of the internal point of view in legal theory, thereby reaffirming several concepts developed earlier. In this way, the “grammar of legal rules” proved to be a theoretical resource capable of expressing, through the linguistic method, the identification of a linguistic turn in Hart’s theory of law.; La existencia de un giro lingüístico en la teoría del Derecho de Hart (específicamente, en “The Concept of Law”), estructurado a partir de dos nociones fundamentales de su método lingüístico, es decir, la de “criterio metodológico” y la de “regla”, fue el tema desarrollado. El objetivo general fue delinear la ruta que manifestara el vínculo entre el método lingüístico y el giro lingüístico a través del análisis de la noción de seguimiento de reglas. Este camino se denominó “gramática de las normas jurídicas”. Esta expresión tiene un doble significado: i) seguir reglas sociales que afectan la formulación del criterio metodológico de Hart (sentido amplio); y ii) las reglas como criterios explicativos de la lógica del funcionamiento del concepto de Derecho (sentido estricto). Los objetivos específicos se dividen en: i) pasar del giro lingüístico en la filosofía al seguimiento de reglas sociales; ii) analizar la teoría de reglas de Hart a la luz de los criterios metodológicos del autor; y iii) distinguir las nociones de método y reglas en Hart y Kelsen y consolidar la introducción de la perspectiva del participante en Hart. Para tal efecto se utilizaron los métodos Analítico-Descriptivo e Histórico-Exegético. La idea de “criterio metodológico” apunta a la distinción entre puntos de vista internos y externos a la hora de considerar las reglas. La noción de “regla” indica el uso de estándares compartidos para criticar el comportamiento. El problema central del estudio, por tanto, fue verificar si la “gramática de las reglas jurídicas” se estructura como un instrumento adecuado para establecer la transición entre método y giro lingüístico en la teoría del Derecho de Hart. Se estableció un camino conceptual que comenzó con el giro lingüístico, como asunción del lenguaje como núcleo de la reflexión filosófica, hasta la exposición de la gramática filosófica de las reglas del lenguaje, de acuerdo con los términos del llamado segundo Wittgenstein. Se destacó la influencia de la idea de “seguir reglas sociales” (“Investigaciones filosóficas”) en la obra antes mencionada de Hart, al explicar las reglas jurídicas desde sus criterios metodológicos, por tanto, desde la práctica social de seguir reglas. Se analizó la noción de norma jurídica como norma social, y como normas primarias y normas secundarias. Con el objetivo de aclarar cómo sus aspectos contribuyen a la lógica del funcionamiento del concepto de Derecho. Una vez presentada la gramática de las reglas hartianas, se contrastó con el modelo kelseniano respecto a las reglas jurídicas. Se concluye destacando, en sintonía con Brian Bix, la relevancia de introducir la noción de perspectiva interna en la teoría jurídica; fijando así algunos conceptos trabajados anteriormente. De este modo, la “gramática de las reglas jurídicas” resultó ser un recurso teórico capaz de demostrar, a partir del método lingüístico, la verificación de un giro lingüístico en la teoría del derecho de Hart. Mon, 23 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13879 2025-06-23T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13876 A (re)construção do Direito Processual Previdenciário: um estudo para a adequada compreensão da coisa julgada em matéria previdenciária Schuster, Diego Henrique This doctoral thesis analyzes the importance of studying the institution of res judicata, taking as a backdrop social security law, where it acquires unique features and is often difficult to approach, especially within classical doctrine – which is bound by civil law postulates. To this end, we first seek to establish the conditions for the formation of res judicata, with particular attention to the notion of legal certainty. Thus, the main hypothesis is constructed: the work aims to analyze the scope of material res judicata. Therefore, the premise guiding the systematization of the topic is to “put everything in its place”, defining the objective, temporal, and subjective limits of res judicata – and this is what ordinary civil procedure prescribes. On the other hand, res judicata can (must) be relativized based on an understanding of criteria already established in law (as in res judicata secundum eventum probationis, present in class actions), and not based on arguments of justice – a claim to morally correct the law. At this point, therefore, the plan is to offer a legal response to the unacceptable situation of denying social protection to those who need it and are entitled to it, but who, for a variety of reasons, were unable to prove the fact constituting their right in the first lawsuit. The general objective of this paper is to study the institution of res judicata, seeking answers to the different situations involving its application (or not). The specific objectives are: to study the importance of due process as a right guarantee in the formation of res judicata; to investigate the relationship between the challenge to the Professional Social Security Profile as a prejudicial issue, taking as a starting point (or return) art. 503, §§ 1º and 2º, of the CPC; to study what constitutes (or does not constitute) res judicata, that is, within the objective, temporal, and subjective limits of res judicata, with special attention to the role of the cause of action; to propose a broader and more up-to-date jurisprudential research to the present day, in order to problematize the different situations involving the application (or not) of res judicata; to propose a broader case law study up to the present day; to examine the different situations involving res judicata, that is, what constitutes (or does not constitute) res judicata, within its subjective, objective, and temporal limits; to study the different instruments – some limited –capable of relativizing the force of res judicata in the Brazilian legal system; to analyze the problem of the lack of exhaustive cognition and, consequently, the (in)aptitude for the formation of res judicata; to present the peculiarities of social security disputes in order to justify differentiated treatment in procedural terms, which takes as its starting point the study of repetitive appeal REsp 1.352.721/SP (Topic 629), in order to question the future of res judicata secundum eventum probationis; investigate the historical horizon, including after the judgment of the precedent; seek in the rescissory action solutions for the violation of the adversarial principle and the mistaken application of res judicata; and problematize the concept of “new evidence” based on a holistic and integrated analysis of the law as a whole. The research thus demonstrates the need to seek legally controllable/reliable criteria to enable the development of legal solutions, aiming to realize fundamental social rights and protect the insured. Fri, 26 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13876 2025-09-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13845 Aportes da sociologia reflexiva para a compreensão do conceito jurídico de discriminação estrutural Pinto, Rodrigo da Silva Vernes In Brazilian law, even with a set of regulations alert to discrimination, certain structures of subordination such as structural racism, sexism, structural homotransphobia and other structural ethnic and aporophobic inequalities maintain discrimination persistently in social context. Studies about that subject-area are developed by the legal discipline of anti-discrimination law. It gathers answers to implement the principle of equality and define structural discrimination. Given the theoretical limitations for proposing its concept, which are restricted to descriptions and adjectives linked to terms such as “disadvantages”, “patterns” and “systematic processes of exclusion”, the objective of this thesis is to make use of the contributions of Pierre Bourdieu's reflexive sociology to propose an understanding of the phenomenon of structural discrimination and advance its legal concept. Specifically, the objective is to understand what structures society and domination, based on Bourdiesian categories, and to analyze how legal literature has faced the problem to ultimately relate reflexive sociology and Law; through the conception of what structures society and domination, a legal concept of structural discrimination is proposed. Through theoretical-descriptive methodology, the approach method used is hypothetical-deductive using historical, comparative and typological procedure methods, with the research divided into three parts. The first part addresses sociological concepts and categories for understanding what social structure and domination are, using Pierre Bourdieu's contributions in debate with other sociological studies on the subject, such as those from Max Weber, Émile Durkheim , Karl Marx and Michael Foucault. Other divergences are also addressed, such as those coming from the structuralist linguistics of Ferdinand Saussure and the structuralist anthropology of Lévi-Strauss to, in the end, after the critical exposition of Bourdieu's theoretical framework, demonstrate its reception in the legal field. The second part establishes a dialogue between sociological premises and legal studies on structural discrimination, exposing the potentialities and limitations in the theoretical confrontation on the topic; taking as a reference the studies related to structural racism and, on the other hand, more general understandings about the treatment given to structures of subordination, the construction of legislation in racial relations and the movements anti-racist social issues throughout history are addressed. Something that extends to other biases in the anti-discrimination struggle, such as structural discrimination based on gender and ethnicity, demonstrating the consequences arising from sexism, coloniality and homotransphobia. The third part presents the legal concept of structural discrimination based on reflexive sociology, relating it to its application in legal dogmatics and its repercussions on other antidiscriminatory legal categories such as direct, indirect and multiple discrimination, antisubordination, legislation anti-discrimination law and in jurisprudential precedents on structural disputes. The thesis argues that, based on reflexive sociology, the legal concept of structural discrimination can be defined by the set of historical relations that potentially cause and generate effects on individual and material structures internalized and externalized by social agents and groups. This results in effects of structural social domination/discrimination with the submission of those dominated/discriminated by power and symbolic violence, a concept capable of enabling transformative measures of discriminatory structural dominations.; En el derecho brasileño, incluso con un conjunto de normas atentas a la discriminación, ciertas estructuras de subordinación como el racismo estructural, el machismo estructural, la homotransfobia estructural y otras desigualdades estructurales étnicas y aporofóbicas mantienen la discriminación persistente en la vida social cotidiana. Los estudios sobre el tema son desarrollados por la disciplina jurídica del derecho antidiscriminatorio. El derecho antidiscriminatório reúne respuestas para implementar el principio de igualdad y definir la discriminación estructural. Dadas las limitaciones teóricas para proponer su concepto, que se restringen a descripciones y adjetivos vinculados a términos como “desventajas”, “patrones” y “procesos sistemáticos de exclusión”, el objetivo de esta tesis es aprovechar los aportes de la sociología reflexiva de Pierre Bourdieu para proponer una comprensión del fenómeno de la discriminación estructural y avanzar en su concepto jurídico. En concreto, el objetivo es comprender qué estructura la sociedad y la dominación, a partir de categorías bourdiesianas, y analizar cómo la literatura jurídica ha afrontado el problema para, en última instancia, relacionar la sociología reflexiva y el Derecho; a través de la concepción de lo que estructura la sociedad y la dominación, se propone un concepto jurídico de discriminación estructural. A través de una metodología teórico-descriptiva, el método de abordaje utilizado es hipotético-deductivo utilizando métodos históricos, comparativos y de procedimiento tipológico, dividiendo la investigación en tres partes. La primera parte aborda conceptos y categorías sociológicas para comprender qué es estructura social y dominación, utilizando los aportes de Pierre Bourdieu en debate con otros estudios sociológicos sobre el tema, como los de Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx y Michael Foucault. También se abordan otros contrapuntos, como los provenientes de la lingüística estructuralista de Ferdinand Saussure y la antropología estructuralista de Lévi-Strauss para, al final, tras la exposición crítica del marco teórico de Bourdieu, demostrar su recepción en el campo jurídico. La segunda parte establece un diálogo entre premisas sociológicas y estudios jurídicos sobre discriminación estructural, exponiendo las potencialidades y limitaciones en el enfrentamiento teórico sobre el tema; Tomando como referencia estudios relacionados con el racismo estructural y, por otro lado, comprensiones más generales sobre el tratamiento dado a las estructuras de subordinación, la construcción de legislación en las relaciones raciales y los movimientos sociales antirracistas a lo largo de la historia. Algo que se extiende a otros sesgos en la lucha contra la discriminación, como la discriminación estructural por razón de género y etnia, evidenciando las consecuencias derivadas del sexismo, la colonialidad y la homotransfobia. La tercera parte presenta el concepto jurídico de discriminación estructural desde la sociología reflexiva, relacionándolo con su aplicación en la dogmática jurídica y sus repercusiones en otras categorías jurídicas antidiscriminatorias como la discriminación directa, indirecta y múltiple, la antisubordinación, la legislación antidiscriminatoria y en precedentes jurisprudenciales sobre disputas estructurales. La tesis sostiene que, con base en la sociología reflexiva, el concepto jurídico de discriminación estructural puede definirse como el conjunto de relaciones históricas que potencialmente causan y generan efectos sobre estructuras individuales y materiales introyectadas y externalizadas por agentes y grupos sociales. Esto resulta en efectos de dominación/discriminación social estructural con el sometimiento de los dominados/discriminados por el poder y la violencia simbólica, concepto capaz de posibilitar medidas transformadoras de dominación estructural discriminatoria. Thu, 19 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13845 2024-12-19T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13662 Direitos humanos pluriversais: a educação libertadora como pressuposto substancial de uma comunidade regional de direitos humanos Karnopp, Laerte Radtke The thesis is positioned as an alternative to the universalist perspective of human rights based on the Kantian formulation of human dignity from an abstract subject, which inspires the dominant theory and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. The research problem refers to the conditions for the possibility of a regional human rights community formed by Ecuador and Bolivia, within the framework of a perspective based on the pluriversalist theory of international law, which has as its substantial presupposition a concept of liberating Education. The hypothesis supported is the possibility of a regional community between these two countries, based on two contextual elements that constitute, at the same time, their theoretical-philosophical and legal-political foundations, respectively, decolonial thought and the new Latin American constitutionalism. With the general aim of discussing the conditions of possibility for this perspective on human rights, the thesis seeks the epistemological foundations of international relations theory in order to situate the discussion in an international order permeated by globalization and identifies the concept of pluriversal human dignity as an alternative to the universal formulation in order to provide the basis for an equally pluriversal perspective on human rights. In order to approach the regional community between Ecuador and Bolivia, it brings up considerations on decolonial thinking and the new Latin American constitutionalism and reconstructs the concept of liberating Education, in order to revisit both constitutions and identify aspects that allow the working hypothesis to be supported. The approach is hypothetical-deductive, based on bibliographical and documentary research, as well as a culturalist methodology for reading foreign law. As the main conclusion, it confirms the conditions of possibility for the proposed community, with liberating Education as a substantial presupposition, based on the structure of the pluriversalist theory of international law.; La tesis se posiciona como una alternativa a la perspectiva universalista de los derechos humanos basada en la formulación kantiana de la dignidad humana a partir de un sujeto abstracto, que inspira la teoría dominante y la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos de 1948. El problema de investigación se refiere a las condiciones de posibilidad de una comunidad regional de derechos humanos formada por Ecuador y Bolivia, en el marco de una perspectiva basada en la teoría pluriversalista del derecho internacional, que tiene como presupuesto sustancial un concepto de Educación liberadora. La hipótesis sustentada es la posibilidad de una comunidad regional entre estos dos países, a partir de dos elementos contextuales que constituyen sus fundamentos teórico-filosóficos y jurídico-políticos: el pensamiento decolonial y el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Con el objetivo general de discutir las condiciones de posibilidad de esta perspectiva de los derechos humanos, la tesis busca los fundamentos epistemológicos de la teoría de las relaciones internacionales para situar la discusión en un orden internacional permeado por la globalización, e identifica el concepto de dignidad humana pluriversal como alternativa a la formulación universal para sustentar una perspectiva igualmente pluriversal de los derechos humanos. Para abordar la comunidad regional entre Ecuador y Bolivia, trae a colación consideraciones sobre el pensamiento decolonial y el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano y reconstruye el concepto de Educación liberadora, para revisitar ambas constituciones e identificar aspectos que permitan sustentar la hipótesis de trabajo. El enfoque es hipotético-deductivo, basado en la investigación bibliográfica y documental, así como en una metodología culturalista de lectura del derecho extranjero. Como principal conclusión, confirma las condiciones de posibilidad de la comunidad propuesta, con la Educación liberadora como presupuesto sustancial, a partir de la estructura de la teoría pluriversalista del derecho internacional. Wed, 02 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13662 2024-10-02T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13567 Leitura moral da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito? Um diálogo entre Ronald Dworkin e Lenio Streck Bernsts, Luísa Giuliani The confrontation with the approach of legal theory based on an assumption of methodological neutrality is no longer the premise that leads to the best way to understand contemporary philosophy of law. Any theory in this regard must, therefore, concern itself with defining the concept of law to which it relates. In light of this requirement, Ronald Dworkin's argument in favor of his interpretivist theory is developed based on a holism (the unity of value thesis) regarding our legal, political, and moral conceptions, in the sense that these mutually strengthen one another and point toward the most integral and coherent, and therefore most adequate, interpretation of the concept of the rule of law. The purpose of this work is to present, through the phenomenological-hermeneutic method, the dialogue between the Critical Hermeneutics of Law theory, by Lenio Streck, and Dworkin’s interpretivism which, despite sharing some assumptions, due to the epistemological premises adopted by the authors, will ultimately involve differences that will be, to some extent, irreconcilable, at the risk of distorting both proposals. Mon, 14 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13567 2024-10-14T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13490 Os instrumentos jurídico-administrativos diversos da demarcação de terras indígenas do Decreto 1.775/96 e os direitos territoriais no Rio Grande do Sul: disputas assimétricas e potencialidades (des)coloniais. Taroco, Lara Santos Zangerolame This thesis analyzes the different legal-administrative instruments of the administrative process of demarcation of indigenous lands provided for in Decree 1.775/96 mobilized in Rio Grande do Sul, problematizing whether these modalities ensure territorial rights to indigenous peoples, and how they relate to the legal regime of indigenous lands, provided for in article 231 of the Constitution. It was found that investigations on the subject are scarce, despite the aforementioned administrative legal instruments being adopted in federal, municipal and state administrative praxis, and in decisions by the Judiciary. It justifies the systematization undertaken, providing the basis for discussing whether such instruments guarantee territorial rights and their relationship with the constitutional legal regime of indigenous lands. To this end, the theoretical framework of decolonial thinking is adopted, augmented by the conceptual contributions of anthropological studies, discussing the standard of legality imposed in the colonial situation and the current normative framework; the obstacles in the process of demarcating indigenous lands, such as Law 14,701/2023, and the Kaingang, Charrua, Xokleng and Guarani agencies in mobilization actions and direct recovery of territories, as in the retakes in Rio Grande do Sul. Based on bibliographical and documentary research, guided by technical visits and participant observation, areas of cultural interest, transfer of use and indigenous reserves were identified in this context. The procedures and hypotheses that make such modalities viable were also systematized, such as expropriation for social interest, direct acquisition, donation, compensation in the context of environmental licensing, payment in payment to the Union of state public lands and other forms of allocation of state public lands, municipal and federal. It is argued that in addition to the analysis of the normative framework linked to the aforementioned procedures and institutes, the complexity of societies marked by coloniality demands a critical and historically situated understanding of the factors and agents that influence and give new meaning to socio-legal relations in the field of indigenous territorial rights. To this end, current legal efforts to control and expand economic exploitation of indigenous lands are considered, such as the thesis of the time frame of occupation, Law no. 14.701/2023 and restrictive notions of territorial rights dealt with in RE n. 1017365. Elements that insert the legal-administrative instruments different from the demarcation of Decree 1.775/96 in an asymmetrical and contradictory context of disputes, envisioning, on the one hand, potential for the protection of territorial rights through articulation with the state and municipalities, and through guarantee of permanence in the claimed territories. While on the other hand, the mischaracterization of the recognition of the original rights of indigenous peoples by traditionality operates with the progressive insertion of consensuality, consideration, autonomy of will and negotiation typical of civil patrimonial relations, preponderating the logic of private property over the differentiated protection of rights indigenous territories. Thus, it is argued that a multiplicity of legal-administrative instruments and the constitutional reinterpretation of institutes such as the indigenous reserve can be ways of increasing the guarantee of territorial rights, considering the diversity of forms of indigenous occupation and their own articulations in defense of the territory, and the complexity of social relationships established between indigenous peoples and the surrounding society. Thu, 29 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13490 2024-08-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13413 O fundamento material do crime de sonegação fiscal a partir da matriz onto-antropológica do direito penal Linhares, Raul Marques This research constitutes an analysis of themes pertinent to the justification for the criminalization of tax evasion, in order to conform the theoretical bases of tax crime, adopting the onto-anthropological matrix defended by José de Faria Costa as a presupposition of Criminal Law. With this focus, in summary, this research develops a specific examination of the relationship between rights and duties in society, opposing individualist, collectivist and communitarian thoughts in illustrative historical moments; the study of categories inherent to Tax Law, with a special focus on the fundamentality of the duty to pay unrelated taxes; and the evaluation of the Criminal Tax Law categories related to this matter, in conjunction with the content previously developed, a theoretical composition that forms the basis for the criminalization of tax evasion. Therefore, adopting a phenomenological method, with a critical review of historically established concepts, an eminently bibliographical research is carried out, associated with the examination of normative instruments. Conclusively, it is proposed to construct the ratio legis for the criminalization of tax evasion through the relationship between categories such as the communitarian paradigm, solidarity, the Social Fiscal State, and the fundamental duty to pay unrelated taxes. Mon, 16 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13413 2024-09-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13398 Administração pública digital e disrupção: o poder de polícia e os novos paradigmas do Direito Administrativo Filipin, Vinícius This thesis is dedicated to exploring the challenges and opportunities related to the incorporation of new technologies and disruption by Public Administration, focusing on ensuring the fundamental rights of citizens and the stability of the administrative legal regime. The main objective is to investigate whether it is possible to sustain, from a theoretical and pragmatic standpoint, the existence of a “disruptive Administrative Law” capable of redefining the administrative legal regime. The research problem questions whether technological innovations represent a “new paradigm of Administrative Law,” following the evolution of administrative theory. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the impacts and premises of using drones in the exercise of police power. The hypothesis is that technological innovations and disruption represent true paradigms of a new Administrative Law — or new paradigms of the same Administrative Law — implying a digital Public Administration with limits and conditions. The thesis starts from the premise that new technologies constitute the most recent crisis of the administrative legal regime, being capable of profoundly altering its own disciplinary matrix. The dialectical method is used as the research methodology, with the study supported by the following thematic axes: evolving administrative-legal matrix, the paradigms of Administrative Law, new technologies and Public Law, disruption, creative destruction and regulation, and police power. As a result, it is observed that, on the contrary, it is not possible to sustain the notion of a “disruptive Administrative Law,” as it does not represent a new paradigm of Administrative Law. Therefore, the hypothesis is not confirmed. However, due to the vicissitudes of new technologies, it becomes necessary to establish the conditions that the administrative legal regime must impose on the regular exercise of public prerogatives, in order to ensure its own subsistence. Thus, the thesis seeks to contribute theoretically to the responsible advancement of technological progress in accordance with democratic principles and fundamental rights. It proposes a theory that stipulates four conditions (normative, ordered pluralism, subsidiary, and proportionate guarantor), all aiming to seek a balance between administrative efficiency and the protection of citizens fundamental rights.; Esta tesis se dedica a explorar los desafíos y oportunidades relacionados con la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías y la disrupción por parte de la Administración Pública, enfocándose en garantizar los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos y la estabilidad del régimen jurídico administrativo. El objetivo principal es investigar si es posible sostener, desde un punto de vista teórico y pragmático, la existencia de un “Derecho Administrativo disruptivo” capaz de redefinir el régimen jurídico administrativo. El problema de investigación plantea si las innovaciones tecnológicas representan un “nuevo paradigma del Derecho Administrativo”, siguiendo la evolución de la teoría administrativa. Se analizan, con énfasis, los impactos y premisas del uso de drones en el ejercicio del poder de policía. La hipótesis es que las innovaciones tecnológicas y la disrupción representan verdaderos paradigmas de un nuevo Derecho Administrativo —o nuevos paradigmas del mismo Derecho Administrativo— lo que implica una Administración Pública digital con límites y condiciones. Se parte de la premisa de que las nuevas tecnologías constituyen la crisis más reciente del régimen jurídico administrativo, siendo capaces de alterar profundamente su propia matriz disciplinaria. Como metodología de investigación, se utiliza el método dialéctico, y el estudio se apoya en los siguientes ejes temáticos: matriz jurídico-administrativa en evolución, los paradigmas del Derecho Administrativo, las nuevas tecnologías y el Derecho Público, la disrupción, la destrucción creativa y la regulación, y el poder de policía. Como resultado, se observa que, por el contrario, no es posible sostener la noción de un “Derecho Administrativo disruptivo”, ya que este no representa un nuevo paradigma del Derecho Administrativo. Por lo tanto, la hipótesis no se confirma. Sin embargo, debido a las vicisitudes de las nuevas tecnologías, se hace necesario establecer las condiciones que el régimen jurídico administrativo debe imponer al ejercicio regular de las prerrogativas públicas, con el fin de garantizar su propia subsistencia. Así, la tesis busca contribuir teóricamente para que los avances tecnológicos ocurran de manera responsable y en consonancia con los principios democráticos y los derechos fundamentales. Se propone, entonces, una teoría que estipula cuatro condiciones (normativa, pluralismo ordenado, subsidiaria y garantista proporcional), todas en busca de un equilibrio entre la eficiencia administrativa y la protección de los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos. Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13398 2024-06-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13396 O direito à adaptação climática na sociedade urbana de risco : gestão climática para os municípios brasileiros Melo, Tibério Bassi de The present thesis proposes a new right in response to one of the greatest current concerns: the lack of security for a significant number of Brazilians living in vulnerable situations in urban areas, without the guarantee of the right to the city. As a result, they are more exposed to the risks imposed by climate change, due to the increased frequency and magnitude of extreme natural events. The mitigation of these events is already being pursued through global climate change policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, these events are inevitable because they are natural, but this does not preclude preventive adaptation actions that aim to build resilience against them. The general objective of this thesis was to address the issue of guaranteeing the right to the city for people in conditions of urban, environmental, and climate risk due to the escalation of the climate crisis and the increase in extreme climate events. The specific objectives were to observe the evolution of the urban phenomenon as a global phenomenon and the evolution of the urban crisis in Brazil, which has generated numerous social injustices and greater exposure to risks. It also involved observing the advance of the climate crisis, which is deepening the risk society and inaugurating a new geological era, the Anthropocene, characterized by catastrophic environmental and climate disasters. Finally, the thesis examined the responses of the legal system to environmental and climate crises, both of an international nature—stemming from multilateral international agreements—and from the national legal system, in relation to urban and climate crises. The conclusions pointed to the fact that recognizing a right to climate adaptation is essential to guaranteeing the right to the city, human dignity, and urban, environmental, and climate sustainability. The method used is pragmatic systemic, observing intersystemic communication and network relationships, with the technique of qualitative and exploratory bibliographic research, which included various American authors due to the development of the subject by the increased occurrence of extreme and catastrophic climate events in that country. Mon, 09 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13396 2024-09-09T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13378 Jurisdição constitucional e legitimidade: limites e possibilidades do novo desenho institucional do Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional da Bolívia como proposta de legitimação democrática, independência e fortalecimento das instituições judiciais Macedo, Tatiane Alves The present research focuses on Public Law concentration area and it’s take place on the Hermeneutics, Constitution, and Right’s realization research line based on the Graduate Program in Law at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos. The thesis aims to analyze the democratic legitimacy of constitutional jurisdiction. To get the objectives, the first part of the work examines the emergence and evolution of constitutional justice systems, presenting the fundamental characteristics of classical systems, as well as historically addressing the expansion, reception, and hybridization of constitutional justice in the Latin American context, with emphasis on the models adopted by Brazil and Bolivia. The second part analyzes the organization model, selection process, composition, functioning, attributions, and forms of constitutional control at Bolivia’s constitutional jurisdiction. Based on the models adopted by Brazil and Bolivia, we analyze the transparency extension in the selection process, expansion of participation mechanisms, and guarantee of plurality reflect recognition of the democratic legitimacy of Constitutional Jurisdiction. The concept of legitimacy is reconstructed with Max Weber's and Pierre Bourdieu's sociology as theoretical reference. The fundamental problem that drove the research focuses on the following questions: a) What is the effectiveness of the institutional model designed for the Constitutional Court of Bolivia in guaranteeing the independence of the Judiciary? How can the experience of judicial elections in Bolivia contribute to thinking about constitutionalism in Latin America? Does the creation of a system concerned about the organization and composition of the Judiciary based on the principles of transparency and plurality make the courts more legitimate from a democratic perspective? Regarding the method of approach, Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics is adopted. As procedural methods, Max Weber's historical-comparative and sociological methods are applied to do the analysis and understanding institutional functioning. Thus, based on the research results, own contribution is presented, pointing out paths for strengthening the democratic legitimacy of constitutional justice in Brazil. Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13378 2024-07-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13375 Terceirização na administração pública: responsabilidade do ente público e desjudicialização: uma proposta para a concretização de direitos fundamentais dos trabalhadores previstos na Constituição Federal Casartelli, Mônica de Oliveira Brazil is facing a profound transformation in the forms of work organization, which is largely due to the change in the national production structure. Meanwhile, this restructuring results in outsourcing and encourages a flexibilization of labor relations, which mainly serves the interests of the market and companies in search of fluidity and greater productivity at the lowest possible cost. In this context, the following study analyzes the subject of the Public Administration's liability for labor charges not met by the company contracted to outsource services, its sociological and legal context. It also proposes a critical reflection on the model of the national production structure and its impacts on today's society, especially on the working class. To introduce the topic, the thesis presents a historical overview of the development of labor law in Brazil and the emergence of outsourcing in the legal order. Focusing on the respect for the primacy of labor and human dignity, supreme values set out in the Federal Constitution of 1988, this study presents a new model of judicial and extrajudicial action for the Public Sector regarding outsourced employment relationships, aiming to serve the primary public interest in the fulfillment of workers' fundamental rights. In this regard, the thesis examines in detail the jurisprudence of the Superior Courts concerning the object of study and demonstrates the existence of a structural and complex problem that has been worsening over time. The data for the investigation was collected through quantitative and qualitative research by analyzing cases referred to the Attorney General’s Office (AGU) by the Superior Labor Court (TST) as a result of interinstitutional cooperation between these bodies. The research leads to the conclusion that the Government can and should make use of numerous mechanisms, including inter-institutional cooperation, binding legal opinions, and consensual judicial and extrajudicial conflict resolution methods, to efficiently avoid litigation, which is detrimental to the Brazilian society, to democracy and endangers the proper functioning of the justice system. Fri, 02 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13375 2024-02-02T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13374 Desigualdade social e tributação: o papel das políticas públicas tributárias no combate à pobreza Di Stefano Filho, Mario This work analyzes tax policy as an instrument that reduces and/or enhances social inequality in Brazil, helping and/or preventing the achievement of the Republic's objectives described in article 3 of the Federal Constitution. Thus, the problem of this project consists of defining the following question: Would the tax policies that have been systematically adopted in the country, as a basis for tax collection, be partially responsible for maintaining or increasing the levels of poverty and misery in Brazil? To unravel this problem, the present work addresses, as a theoretical framework, the income inequality experienced in Brazil, highlighting the impacts of public tax policies, which are essential for confronting social inequality in an efficient manner. Furthermore, it is sought to define the phenomenon of the duplicity of public tax policies occupying two roles, combating social inequality, or maintaining poverty. Along these lines, the role of the State is studied in establishing such policies as progressive or regressive, which will depend on the actual policy, being progressive if it increases or creates the taxation of assets and income, or regressive if it creates or increases the taxation on consumption. From this, the hypothesis is raised that the Brazilian tax system is based on regressive public tax policies, which not only maintain, but increase poverty and are not compatible with the Federal Constitution of 1988 and should be revoked. Public tax policies that exempt dividends, which allow the accumulation of wealth by poorly taxing large inheritances, the non-institution of the IGF or even the excessive taxation on the consumption of basic hygiene goods. Thus, Brazil boasts extremely high and alarming levels of social inequality, which no longer represent mere inequality, but rather an undeniable social abyss. This profound popular imbalance translates into an increase in the concentration of income and wealth in the country, which consequently causes more people to live below the poverty line. To achieve what is proposed, the investigation uses as a technical resource national and foreign bibliographic sources, books and qualified scientific articles, in addition to jurisprudence and standards relevant to the topic. As for the method of this investigation, the hypothetical-deductive method is used, according to the model developed by Karl Popper according to his deductive reasoning of premises and conclusions. However, the work will also make use of the triangulation of methods, using in some parts different methods, such as Comparative Law, State of the Art and Content Analysis by Laurence Bardin. In general terms, the study concludes that the regressive tax policies examined are in fact unconstitutional, as they help to maintain and increase poverty in the country, going against the objectives of the Republic. Despite the necessary fiscal functions of taxation, it is used in a way that is harmful to the neediest, with them constantly being disproportionately burdened. However, the system itself has progressive mechanisms capable of alleviating this reality. Citizen oversight of political representation is enough for these mechanisms to be used, especially by the Legislative Branch, which would be a more reasonable solution than demonstrations by the Judiciary in which they could compromise the relationship between the three branches of government.; Este trabajo analiza la política tributaria como un instrumento que reduce y/o mejora la desigualdad social en Brasil, ayudando y/o impidiendo el logro de los objetivos de la República descritos en el artículo 3 de la Constitución Federal. Así, el problema de este proyecto consiste en definir la siguiente pregunta: ¿Las políticas tributarias que sistemáticamente se han adoptado en el país, como base para la recaudación de impuestos, serían parcialmente responsables de mantener o aumentar los índices de pobreza y miseria en Brasil? Para desentrañar este problema, el presente trabajo aborda, como marco teórico, la desigualdad de ingresos experimentada en Brasil, destacando los impactos de las políticas tributarias públicas, esenciales para enfrentar la desigualdad social de manera eficiente. Además, buscamos definir el fenómeno de la duplicidad de las políticas tributarias públicas ocupando dos roles, combatir la desigualdad social o mantener la pobreza. En esta línea, se estudia el papel del Estado a la hora de establecer políticas como progresivas o regresivas, que dependerán de la política (política) concreta, siendo progresiva si aumenta o crea tributación sobre los bienes y la renta, o regresiva si crea o crea impuestos. aumenta la tributación sobre el consumo. A partir de esto, se plantea la hipótesis de que el sistema tributario brasileño se basa en políticas tributarias públicas regresivas, que no sólo mantienen, sino que aumentan la pobreza y no son compatibles con la Constitución Federal de 1988, y deben ser derogadas. En particular, las políticas fiscales públicas que eximen los dividendos, que permiten la acumulación de riqueza gravando mal las grandes herencias, la no institución del IGF o incluso la fiscalidad excesiva sobre el consumo de bienes básicos de higiene. Así, Brasil cuenta con niveles altísimos y alarmantes de desigualdad social, que ya no representan mera desigualdad, sino un innegable abismo social. Este profundo desequilibrio popular se traduce en un aumento de la concentración del ingreso y la riqueza en el país, lo que en consecuencia provoca que más personas vivan por debajo del umbral de pobreza. Para lograr lo propuesto, la investigación utiliza como recurso técnico fuentes bibliográficas nacionales y extranjeras, libros y artículos científicos calificados, además de jurisprudencia y normas relevantes al tema. En cuanto al método de esta investigación se utiliza el método hipotético-deductivo, según el modelo desarrollado por Karl Popper según su razonamiento deductivo de premisas y conclusiones. Sin embargo, el trabajo también hará uso de la triangulación de métodos, utilizando en algunas partes métodos diferentes, como el Derecho Comparado, el Estado del Arte y el Análisis de Contenido de Laurence Bardin. En términos generales, el estudio concluye que las políticas tributarias regresivas examinadas son en realidad inconstitucionales, pues contribuyen a mantener y aumentar la pobreza en el país, yendo en contra de los objetivos de la República. A pesar de las necesarias funciones fiscales de la tributación, se utiliza de manera perjudicial para los más necesitados, viéndolos constantemente sobrecargados de manera desproporcionada. Sin embargo, el propio sistema cuenta con mecanismos progresivos capaces de paliar esta realidad. El control ciudadano de la representación política es suficiente para que estos mecanismos sean realmente utilizados, especialmente por el Poder Legislativo, lo que sería una solución más razonable que manifestaciones del Poder Judicial en las que podrían comprometer la relación entre los tres poderes. Wed, 30 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13374 2024-10-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13371 Educação jurídica OnLife : um framework para implementação e avaliação de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem Imersivos (AVAIs) na formação jurídica Souza, Bernardo de Azevedo e This thesis investigates OnLife legal education, proposing a framework for the implementation and evaluation of Immersive Virtual Learning Environments (AVAIs, in Portuguese acronym) in legal training. The model, composed of five stages (defining learning objectives, technology selection, educational content development, AVAI creation, and evaluation and feedback), aims to empower educators to develop AVAIs effectively and affordably, without incurring high costs or requiring advanced technological skills. The research highlights the transition from traditional to OnLife education, addressing the growing influence of digital technologies on identity redefinition, reality perception, and human interactions. Based on Luciano Floridi's concept of OnLife, the thesis argues that the use of immersive technologies can transform teaching and learning methods in the legal context. The research also explores challenges and barriers to the implementation of immersive technologies in education, such as access, cost, training, interoperability, content, and infrastructure. The research problem is: how can the implementation of a practical framework empower educators to implement and evaluate AVAIs effectively and affordably in law school classrooms, without requiring high costs or advanced technological skills? The formulated hypothesis is: the framework will enable the development and evaluation of efficient and economically viable AVAIs, enabling educators to enhance the teaching and learning process for law students. The research methodology is based on three pillars: literature review, providing a solid theoretical foundation by examining previous studies and models validating the use of innovative methodologies in legal education; participant observation, allowing detailed understanding of dynamics and interactions in virtual environments, offering valuable insights into the practical application of immersive technologies; and framework creation, developed as a structured and replicable model for AVAIs implementation and evaluation, providing practical guidelines for the effective and affordable integration of these technologies. In summary, the thesis uniquely contributes to academic literature by providing a valuable resource for educators and educational institutions, aiming to prepare law students for the challenges of a hyperconnected world.; Esta tesis investiga la educación jurídica OnLife, proponiendo un marco para la implementación y evaluación de Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje Inmersivo (AVAIs, en la sigla en portugués) en la formación legal. El modelo, compuesto por cinco etapas (definición de objetivos de aprendizaje, selección de tecnología, desarrollo de contenido educativo, creación de AVAI y evaluación y retroalimentación), tiene como objetivo capacitar a los educadores para desarrollar AVAIs de manera efectiva y accesible, sin incurrir en altos costos o requerir habilidades tecnológicas avanzadas. La investigación destaca la transición de la educación tradicional a la educación OnLife, abordando la creciente influencia de las tecnologías digitales en la redefinición de la identidad, percepción de la realidad e interacciones humanas. Basada en el concepto de OnLife de Luciano Floridi, la tesis argumenta que el uso de tecnologías inmersivas puede transformar los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el contexto legal. La investigación también explora los desafíos y barreras para la implementación de tecnologías inmersivas en la educación, como el acceso, el costo, la formación, la interoperabilidad, el contenido y la infraestructura. El problema de investigación es: ¿cómo puede la implementación de un marco práctico capacitar a los educadores para implementar y evaluar AVAIs de manera efectiva y accesible en las aulas de derecho, sin requerir altos costos o habilidades tecnológicas avanzadas? La hipótesis formulada es: el marco permitirá el desarrollo y la evaluación de AVAIs eficientes y económicamente viables, permitiendo a los educadores mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes de derecho. La metodología de investigación se basa en tres pilares: revisión de literatura, proporcionando una sólida base teórica al examinar estudios y modelos anteriores que validan el uso de metodologías innovadoras en la educación jurídica; observación participante, que permite una comprensión detallada de las dinámicas e interacciones en entornos virtuales, ofreciendo valiosos insights sobre la aplicación práctica de tecnologías inmersivas; y creación de un marco, desarrollado como un modelo estructurado y replicable para la implementación y evaluación de AVAIs, proporcionando directrices prácticas para la integración efectiva y accesible de estas tecnologías. En resumen, la tesis contribuye de manera única a la literatura académica al proporcionar un recurso valioso para educadores e instituciones educativas, con el objetivo de preparar a los estudiantes de derecho para los desafíos de un mundo hiperconectado. Tue, 13 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13371 2024-08-13T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13157 Há um direito por vir: um direito capaz de dar conta do questionamento do paradigma antropocêntrico em que está inserida a modernidade e da emergência de pautas para além do humano Azevedo, Maria Cândida Simon With the intensification of ecological problems, the emergence of questioning of thoughts long inscribed in the bases of societies and the need to compatible different thoughts in plural societies, social, ethical, theoretical, and political movements begin to emerge that seek to deconstruct the traditional anthropocentric understanding of world, in which only human beings would be inscribes. The present research intends, therefore, to carry out, through an approach of critical theory, diagnosis and prognosis, in the style of the dialectical method, an analysis of the current transformations in Law, arising from these disputes between the dichotomy of anthropocentrism versus non-anthropocentrism. To this end, the research intends to answer the following question: what is the meaning of a Law beyond the human, capable of addressing the questioning of the anthropocentric paradigm in which modernity is inserted, the emergence of agendas beyond the human and compatibility between different thoughts? The hypothesis that will be put to the test is that the construction of a Law beyond the human must involve a multinormative understanding of society, in addition to being established on non-anthropocentric bases. This means opening the rationality inherent to Law to other ways of understanding the world, in addition to the traditional Western one, through an exercise of reason itself, which is capable of pointing Law towards a nonanthropocentric (beyond human) understanding of the world. To develop the objective of the text, as well as to adequately respond to the research problem, the text was divided into two chapters. The first seeks to produce a diagnosis of the current conjecture of disputes surrounding anthropocentrism, as a result of the demands of non-anthropocentric movements. The second intends to develop the proposed hypothesis, using the conclusions of the analysis established in the previous chapter, taken to the sphere of Law. The considerations raised here, and the intentions established with the aim of clarifying the demands of a nonanthropocentric movement are extremely important, seeking to understand the current conjecture of the movement, regarding one of its main objectives, that is, establishing a minimum level of moral and legal recognition for subjects beyond the human. Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13157 2024-04-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13156 Novas crises: a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil e competência material do Tribunal Penal Internacional para o reconhecimento de novos atos desumanos Oliveira, Lucas Paulo Orlando de This dissertation is based on literature review, content analysis and the hermeneutic-phenomenological method. Its general objective is to investigate whether part of the political decisions made by Bolsonaro in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil can be considered for the purpose of crime against humanity before the International Criminal Court (ICC). On this account, this research is divided into two main parts. The first investigates the relationship between the concept of old crises and the establishment of international criminal jurisdiction. Old crises are understood to be phenomena arising from the exercise of reason by individuals organized into nations, races or classes against the exercise of sovereign power or in order to operationalize sovereignty in favor of their own reasons. Therefore, events such as the so-called crimes against peace, genocide and crimes against humanity would be manifestations of this tensioning or operationalization. The ICC emerges in the face of the repeated historical need to overcome these impasses and also under the sign of distrust of the use of international law as a variable of convenience in diplomatic relations. In the second part, an effort is made to investigate the history that allows us to associate the birth of biopower and neoliberal competition as causes of new categories of crises. Bolsonaro's government, in relation to the policies adopted in Brazil during the pandemic context, has characteristics that are typical of this context of neoliberal governmentality. Despite the elements of novelty, it is possible, at the end of the second part, to identify the compatibility of the requirements related to the material competence of the ICC with the policies adopted by Bolsonaro based on the contextual elements, actus reus and mens rea demanded by art. 7 (1) (k) of the Rome Statute. Wed, 13 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13156 2023-12-13T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13155 Educação em direito para a consolidação da cidadania: análise hermenêutica pela ótica do artigo 3º da lei de introdução às normas do direito brasileiro acerca da relação entre conhecer e poder praticar Ribeiro, Leonardo Jensen The thesis had as a research problem to verify how it is possible to know the legislation as foreseen in the referred article, being that this is not taught anywhere except in the Faculty of Law. It analyzes the need for knowledge of the law by all Brazilian individuals and their empowerment in this knowledge, with reference to article 3 of the Law of Introduction to the Norms of Brazilian Law, which says that no one can excuse themselves from the law by claiming that they do not know it. It addresses the issue of knowledge, legal knowledge, the difference between education for law and education for human rights, as well as the fact that understanding and learning the law is essential for the effective consolidation of citizenship. There are also questions about what is currently discussed in law, or not discussed, both within the family, community and society, as well as within the school and higher education spheres. Specifically, the weakening of the person as a subject of rights due to lack of knowledge is verified, the possibilities of learning and empowerment and the reasons why not knowing effectively leads to the end of one's own existence. As a hypothesis, that education for the law must exist in all areas and that it is urgent and necessary. The general objective of demonstrating the importance of education for the law is consistent with the specific objectives of discussing the absence of formal legal teaching, informal teaching, empowerment through knowledge and the full exercise of citizenship. For the development of the work, the hermeneutic method of approach was used, which studies the interpretation and constitution of knowledge and of the human being himself as a thinking and participatory individual, as he is knowledgeable and critical of his rights and duties. The method of procedure is monographic, with indirect research techniques using bibliographic and documentary tools. The thesis is linked to the Public Law line of the Postgraduate Program – Master and Doctorate in Law at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS and the line of study of Hermeneutics, Constitution and Realization of Rights. It is concluded that it is necessary to learn the Law in all possible situations and that without this insertion, the maintenance of ignorance and intellectual poverty will be a reality, and empowerment for knowledge will never be possible. Therefore, it is necessary to learn the Law, to be able to practice, criticize and assert, individually and collectively, the exercise of full citizenship.; La thèse avait comme problème de recherche de vérifier comment il est possible de connaître la législation comme prévu dans l’article mentionné, étant donné que cela n’est enseigné nulle part sauf à la Faculté de Droit. Il analyse le besoin de connaissance de la loi par tous les individus brésiliens et leur autonomisation dans cette connaissance, en référence à l’article 3 de la loi d’introduction aux normes du droit brésilien, qui stipule que personne ne peut s’exonérer de la loi en affirmant qu’ils ne le savent pas. Il aborde la question du savoir, la connaissance juridique, la différence entre éducation au droit et éducation aux droits de l’homme, ainsi que comprendre et apprende le droit est essentiel pour la consolidation effective de la citoyenneté. Se posent également des questions sur ce qui se discute ou ne se discute pas actuellement en droit, tant au sein de la famille, de la communauté et de la société, qu’au sein des sphères scolaire et supérieure. Plus précisément, l’affaiblissement de la personne en tant que sujet de droits par manque de connaissances est vérifié, les possibilités d’apprentissage et d’autonomisation et les raisons pour lesquelles ne pas savoir conduit effectivement à la fin de sa propre existence. Comme hypothèse, que l’éducation au droit doit exister dans tous les domaines et qu’elle est urgente et nécessaire. L’objectif général de démontrer l’importance de l’éducation au droit est coherent avec les objectifs spécifiques de discuter de l’absence d’enseignement juridique formel, de l’enseignement informel, de l’autonomisation par la connaissance et du plein exercice de la citoyenneté. Pour le développement de l’ouvrage, la méthode d’approche herméneutique a été utilisée, qui étudie l’interprétation et la constitution des connaissances et de l’être humain lui-même en tant qu’individu pensant et participatif, car il est connaissant et critique de ses droits et devoirs. Le mode opératoire est monographique, avec des techniques de recherche indirecte utilisant des outils bibliographiques et documentaires. La thèse est liéee á la ligne de droit public du programme de troisième cycle – Master et Doctorat en Droit de l’Université de Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS et à la ligne d’étude de Hermenéutique, Constitution et réalisation des droits. Il est conclu qu’il est nécessaire d’apprendre la Loi dans toutes les situations possibles et que sans cette insertion, le maintien de l’ignorance et de la pauvreté intellectuelle sera uné réalité, et l’autonomisation pour la connaissance ne sera jamais possible. Il est donc nécessaire d’apprendre le Droit pour pouvoir pratiquer, critiquer et revendiquer, individuellement et collectivement, l’exercice de la pleine citoyenneté.; La tesi ha avuto come problema di ricerca quello di verificare come sia possibile conoscere la normativa prevista dal richiamato articolo, posto che essa non vienne insegnata da nessua parte se non nella Facoltà di Legge. Analizza la necessità di conoscenza della legge da parte di tutti gli individui brasiliani e il loro potere in questa conoscenza, con riferimento all’articolo 3 della legge di introduzione alle norme del diritto brasiliano, che afferma che nessuno può esonerarsi dalla legge affermando di non saperlo. Affronta la questione della conoscenza giuridica, della differenza tra educazione al diritto ed educazione ai diritti umani, nonché del fato che la comprensione e l’apprendimento del diritto sono essenziali per l’effetivo consolidamento della cittadinanza. Ci sono anche domande su ciò che è attualmente discusso o non discusso dalla legge, sia all’interno della famiglia, della comunità e della società, sia nella sfera della scuola e dell’instruzione superiore. In particolare, si verifica l’indebolimento della persona come soggetto di diritto per mancanza di conoscenza, le possibilità di apprendimento e di potenziamento e le ragioni per cui il non sapere porta effettivamente alla fine della propria esistenza.. Come ipotesi che l’educazione al diritto debba esistere in tutti gli ambiti e che sia urgente e necessaria. L’obiettivo generale di dimostrare l’importanza dell’educazione al diritto è coerente com gli obiettivi specifici di discutere l’assenza di educazione legale formale, educazione informale, potenziamento attraverso la conoscenza e il pieno esercizio della cittadinanza. Per lo sviluppo dell’opera è stato utilizzato il metodo di approccio ermeneutico, che studia l’interpretazione e la constituzione della conoscenza e dell’essere umano stesso come individuo pensante e partecipe, in quanto consapevole e critico dei suoi diritti e dovere. Il metodo del procedimento è monografico, con tecniche di ricerca indiretta attraverso l’utilizzo di strumenti bibliografici e documentali. La tesi è collegata alla linea di diritto pubblico del programma post-laurea – Master e Dottorato in Diritto presso l’Università di Vale do Rio dos Sinos – UNISINOS e la linea di studio di Herméneutique, Constituzione e realizzazione dei diritti. Si conclude che è necessário apprendere la Legge in tutte le situazioni possibili e che senza questo inserimento, il mantenimento dell’ignoranza e della povertà intellettuale sarà uma realtà, e il potenziamento della conoscenza non sarà mai possibile. Pertanto, è necessario apprendere il diritto, per poter praticare, criticare e affermare, individualmente e collettivamente, l’esercizio della piena cittadinanza. Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13155 2024-04-08T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13153 Proibição do non liquet e exceção: premissas para uma observação pragmático-sistêmica Pinto, João Paulo Salles The exception remains mysterious within the scope of legal discussions. In this research, we will tackle the challenge of evaluating it by questioning the possibility of examining it from the perspective of autopoietic social systems theory and its particularities in relation to judicial decisions. Indeed, we particularly consider its potential in the current Brazilian context, at least since the incidents in the "jurisprudence of exception (the exception in jurisprudence)" in the Federal Supreme Court, especially concerning Inquiry No. 4.781 (the Fake News Inquiry) and the Action of Non-Compliance with a Fundamental Precept No. 572/DF. These cases have intensified debates about the limits and meanings of decision-making power concerning exceptions. Therefore, we observe and revisit the forms of judicial communication that directly deal with exceptional situations, engaging with theoretical and practical debates proposed for these discussions, especially through the investigative contributions of Giorgio Agamben and Carl Schmitt. This approach allows for reinterpretations based on autopoietic social systems theory and its pragmatic-systemic reinterpretation.Thus, through a pragmatic-systemic methodology, particularly anchored in empirical jurisprudential observation from the selection of cases in the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court that refer to the terminology of exception, we demonstrate the possibility of identifying the crucial exceptionality that shapes the function and position of courts within the legal system. It is understood that in moments of high irritation, the “experience of exception” (Ausnahmestellung) implied makes it possible for the paradoxical indetermination to be conjectured as decisive determination. The pragmatic-systemic matrix, therefore, allows for a different observation of a series of entrenched issues in the contemporary legal debate on this theme.We primarily revisit the opposition between a decisionist stance called judicial activism and another basically conservative stance known as constitutional dogmatism. We propose to surpass these definitions through a second-order observation that distinguishes the exception as a key element for the communication and consequent evolution of law under conditions that ensure stabilization. Consequently, under a systemic lens and in our conception, the exception is an evolving semantic acquisition that enables the legal functional differentiation of society, at least since the historical assertion of the prohibition of non liquet. In this way, the exception, decision-making, paradoxes, and the process of deparadoxification (Entparadoxierung) operate in a continuous and intrinsically interconnected manner within the functional differentiation of law in society.In this sense, we reposition the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court as potentially identifiable as the "Guardian of the Exception in the Legal System." This title should not be perceived negatively or critically, as is often emphasized, but rather to observe its pragmatic-systemic role in preserving functional autonomy and social differentiation, alongside the already essential role as the "Guardian of the Constitution." The proposal is that the prohibition of non liquet and the exception appear as the two sides of the organizational-functional differentiation of current law. The improbability of legal communication is circumvented by the judicial communication of the exception. Fri, 21 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13153 2024-06-21T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13151 Resiliência urbana e suas interfaces: caminhos para cidades sustentáveis Grando, Fabiane Starting from an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis aimed to analyze the right to sustainable cities from the perspective of urban resilience, with a more specific view from the law. The research problem was based on the following questions: How is it possible to compatibilize the dynamics of urban space configuration, marked by the interconnection of global risks and challenges, with the perspective of sustainable cities? In what context does the urban resilience approach emerge and how can it contribute to its implementation? The hypothesis of the thesis was that the concretization of the right to sustainable cities presupposes the adoption of urban resilience mechanisms, with the increasing need of a systemic and integrated approach to risk reduction. Initially, the issue of risk society and the challenge of urban sustainability were addressed, including risks and disasters in contemporary society and their relationship with climate change, demographic trends and the land occupation process, with emphasis on the impact of vulnerability and resilience in extreme events. Subsequently, a discussion was made between the paradigmatic transformation of sustainability and sustainable cities, as well as an overview of the Sustainable Cities Program (PCS) and the Sustainable Cities Development Index - Brazil (IDSC-BR). In addition to a theoretical review on the proposed topic, it was depth with the analysis of its constitutional and infra-constitutional discipline, together with existing commitments at the international level, in particular the Paris Agreement, the Sendai Framework, the 2030 Agenda and the Development Goals (SDG), and the New Urban Agenda (NAU). Finally, we focused on urban resilience, examining some initiatives and tools aimed at building resilient cities, as well as the connection between resilience and sustainability in urban systems. In this topic, based on empirical research, legal instruments and actions aimed at urban resilience at a national level were identified, analyzing them together with data from SDG monitoring, seeking to evaluate a possible contribution of law to the implementation of sustainable cities. The thesis adopted descriptive and exploratory research; as for nature, the quantitative and qualitative approach were used; regarding to technical procedures, bibliographical and documentary research were carried out, mainly reports from the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). In the end, it was possible to understand that the systemic and integrated treatment of risk reduction, based on the combination of legal instruments, planning, governance, participation of involved actors, in addition to economic, technical and technological resources, contributes to the realization of the right to sustainable cities. It can be concluded that resilience tools and approaches must be integrated into urban planning and management practices, through both coordinated policies and the strengthening of local and global partnerships.; Partiendo de un enfoque interdisciplinario, esta tesis tuvo como objetivo analizar el derecho a las ciudades sostenibles bajo la perspectiva de la resiliencia urbana, con una mirada más específica desde el derecho. El problema de investigación se basó en las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo es posible conciliar la dinámica de configuración del espacio urbano, marcada por la interconexión de riesgos y desafíos globales, con la perspectiva de ciudades sostenibles? ¿En qué contexto surge el enfoque de resiliencia urbana y cómo puede contribuir a su implementación? La hipótesis de la tesis fue que la realización del derecho a ciudades sostenibles presupone la adopción de mecanismos de resiliencia urbana, con la creciente necesidad de un enfoque sistémico e integrado para la reducción de riesgos. Inicialmente se abordó el tema de la sociedad del riesgo y el desafío de la sostenibilidad urbana, incluyendo los riesgos y desastres en la sociedad contemporánea y su relación con el cambio climático, las tendencias demográficas y el proceso de ocupación del suelo, con énfasis en el impacto de la vulnerabilidad y la resiliencia ante eventos extremos. Posteriormente, se realizó una discusión entre la transformación paradigmática de la sostenibilidad y las ciudades sostenibles, así como una visión general del Programa de Ciudades Sostenibles (PCS) y del Índice de Desarrollo de Ciudades Sostenibles - Brasil (IDSCBR). Además de una revisión teórica, el tema propuesto se profundizó con el análisis de su disciplina constitucional e infraconstitucional, junto con los compromisos existentes a nivel internacional, en particular el Acuerdo de París, el Marco de Sendai, la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), y la Nueva Agenda Urbana (NAU). Finalmente, nos centramos en la resiliencia urbana, examinando algunas iniciativas y herramientas destinadas a construir ciudades resilientes, así como la conexión entre resiliencia y sostenibilidad en los sistemas urbanos. En este tema, a partir de investigaciones empíricas, se identificaron instrumentos y acciones legales encaminados a la resiliencia urbana a nivel nacional, analizándolos junto con datos del monitoreo de los ODS, con la intención de evaluar una posible contribución del derecho a la implementación de ciudades sostenibles. La tesis adoptó una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria; en cuanto a la naturaleza, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo; con repecto a los procedimientos técnicos, se utilizó investigación bibliográfica y documental, principalmente informes de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres (UNDRR), el Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC) y el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Se pudo observar que el tratamiento sistémico e integrado de la reducción de riesgos, basado en la combinación de instrumentos legales, planificación, gobernanza, participación de los actores involucrados, además de recursos económicos, técnicos y tecnológicos, contribuye a la realización del derecho a ciudades sostenibles, siendo posible concluir que las herramientas y enfoques de resiliencia deben integrarse en las prácticas de planificación y gestión urbanas, tanto a través de políticas coordinadas como del fortalecimiento de asociaciones locales y globales. Fri, 05 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/13151 2024-04-05T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12996 O direito do agronegócio transnacional e os padrões normativos híbridos no Brasil: a heurística empresarial sistêmica por meio de Códigos de Conduta Corporativos alinhados com as diretrizes da OCDE Maia, Selmar José The research focused efforts on the possibility of national agribusiness being the driving force for the effectiveness of human rights through a systemic business heuristic for the coming decades, provided that Brazil implements a series of normative guidelines and recommendations imposed by the National Human Rights Council and the OECD itself in the next five years, mainly, because, recently, numerous accusations of human rights violations are linked to the national agricultural sector. Through a pragmatic-systemic analysis thar marks the methodology used in this research we seek to analyze the difficulties of control and accountability of transnational economic agents from the Bill of Law nº 2.963 of 2019, which, if approved, makes more accessible the purchase, lease and possessions of rural properties by foreign individuals and legal entities. It is assumed, on the one hand, that this “less bureaucratic” permission will be able to attract large economic investments for the coming years and, on the other hand, it may result in major environmental and social damages in the absence of criteria for the commercialization of rural areas by companies and economic funds of any country especially those little committed to the effectiveness of human rights on a transnational scale. In view of this, in attention to the principle of national sovereignty and to legitimize a dignified Brazilian chair in the OECD, it is suggested the creation of criteria that could help in this new territorial expansion together with the social movements, whose principles of human rights, environment and state rules would be fixed, since the innovation of agro, business networks and labor market performance justify a “legal hybridity” as a condition of improvement and economic competitiveness based on the effectiveness of public and private Corporate Codes of Conduct. Finally, it is concluded that there is no urgency to create new laws to regulate this reality in Brazilian and transnational agriculture, but the implementation of existing laws, compliance, and Codes of Corporate Conduct, added to those in progress in the National Congress to regulate this new transnational reality of agriculture.; La investigación centra sus esfuerzos em la posibilidad de que el agronegócio nacional sea la fuerza impulsora de la efectividad de los derechos humanos a través de una heurística empresarial sistémica para las próximas décadas, siempre que Brasil implemente una serie de directrices y recomendaciones normativas impuestas por el Consejo Nacional de Derechos Humanos y la própria OCDE em los próximos cinco años. Principalmente, porque, recentemente, numerosas acusaciones de violaciones a los derechos humanos están vinculadas al sector agrícola nacional. A través de um análisis pragmático-sistémico que marca la metodologia utilizada em esta investigación, buscamos analizar las dificultades de control y rendición de cuentas de los agentes econômicos transnacionales a partir del Proyecto de Lay nº 2.963 de 2019, que, de ser aprovado, hace más accesible la compra, arrendamento y posesión de propriedades rurales por parte de personas físicas y jurídicas extranjeras. Se supone, por um lado, que este permisso menos burocrático” podrá atraer grandes inversiones econômicas para los próximos años y, por outro lado, puede resultar em grandes daños ambientales y sociales em ausencia de criterios para la comercialización de las zonas rurales por parte de empresas y fondos económicos de cualquier país, especialmente aquellos poco comprometidos com la efectividad de los derechos humanos a escala transnacional. Frente a esto, en atención al principio de soberanía nacional y para legitimar una digna sede brasileña en la OCDE, se sugiere la creación de criterios que puedan ayudar en esta nueva expansión territorial junto a los movimientos sociales, cuyos principios de derechos humanos, medio ambiente y reglas de Estado serían fijados. Por otro lado, la agroinnovación, las redes empresariales y el desempeño del mercado laboral se justifican en un "hibridismo legal" como condición de mejora y competitividad económica basada en la eficacia de los Códigos de Conducta Corporativos públicos y privados. Por último, se concluye que no hay necesidad de crear nuevas leyes para regular esta realidad en la agroindustria brasileña y transnacional, pero la eficacia de las leyes existentes, el cumplimiento y los Códigos Corporativos de Conducta, añadido a los que están en curso en el Congreso Nacional para regular esta nueva realidad transnacional de la agroindustria. Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12996 2023-09-15T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12995 Mediação e conciliação: um estudo comparativo em busca de uma jurisdição sensível Dias, Rodrigo Rodrigues The thesis is dedicated to the evaluation of judicial mediation in the Brazilian legal system, from the perspective of users of the justice system. In effect, the investigation had, as its general objective, the study of the differences in users' experiences of justice in conciliations - within the scope of the heterocompositive process - and mediation - as an autonomous self-compositive procedure, even as a phase of the heterocompositive process -, in the perspective of analyzing whether these methods allow access to a jurisgenetic space that leads to the maximum reduction of jurispathic action. To this end, we started with the following question: does the insertion of mediation, as a new means of composing conflicts, within the scope of Positive Law, enable a process with greater democratic legitimacy, generating a jurisdiction sensitive to the normative worlds of the social agents involved? Democratic legitimacy, in this thesis, was conceived as people's subjective and rational adherence to the normativity resulting from the acts of the Judiciary, which demands greater inclusivity from subjects, who must have their pretensions, opinions and emotions integrated and considered in the process, when a decision is made. The hypothesis, based on reference literature, was based on the indication that mediation makes the process more democratic, precisely because it is based on the idea of producing legal meaning, not as an exclusivity of the State, but through the expansion of this process (democratic) based on effective access to all individuals involved, as there is an understanding that they are direct participants in the construction of decision-making acts. The field research focused on the CEJUSC (Judicial Center for Conflict Resolution and Citizenship) of the District of Toledo-PR (regarding mediation), in comparison with the Family and Succession Court of the same District (regarding conciliation) Based on a review of the doctrine, analysis of reference legislation and semi-structured interviews with users, it was found that mediation had better performance in scoring in the Likert table and, based on the qualitative analysis of the interviews, its dialogical procedure was praised, corroborating the hypothesis. However, the greatest preference on the part of those interviewed fell on traditional conciliation, with its aura of adjudication, to highlight its importance to subjects, in a culture in which participation in the Judiciary is still incipient. Therefore, even though the law – especially the New Code of Civil Procedure and the Mediation Law – are important instruments for changing culture, by themselves, they do not have the power to do so. Therefore, the thesis advocates that art. 334 of the Code of Civil Procedure, instead of encouraging self-compositional practices, ends up determining the indiscriminate sending of processes using methods little known to the parties, who are present more out of fear of the procedural sanction of the fine, than with the belief that their conflicts will be better resolved there, with full knowledge of what will be required of them to do so. Furthermore, it is noticeable that the Courts have not made the necessary investment to give CEJUSCs the dignity of judicial unity, which could provide the necessary means for the constitution of a paradigm of the culture of pacification.; La tesi è dedicata a valutare l’introduzione della mediazione giudiziaria nell’ordinamento giuridico nazionale, dal punto di vista degli utenti del sistema giudiziario. L'indagine, infatti, ha avuto come obiettivo generale quello di studiare le differenze nell'esperienza della giustizia da parte degli utenti nelle conciliazioni - nell'ambito del processo eterocompositivo - e nella mediazione - come procedura autocompositiva autonoma, anche come fase del processo eterocompositivo. -, nella prospettiva di analizzare se tali metodi consentano l'accesso ad uno spazio giurisgenetico che conduca alla massima riduzione dell'azione giurispatica A tal fine, siamo partiti dalla seguente domanda: l’inserimento della mediazione, come nuovo mezzo di composizione dei conflitti, nell’ambito del diritto positivo, consente un processo con maggiore legittimità democratica, generando una giurisdizione sensibile ai mondi normativi degli agenti sociali coinvolti? La legittimità democratica, in questa tesi, è stata concepita come l'adesione soggettiva e razionale delle persone alla normatività risultante dagli atti della magistratura, che richiede una maggiore inclusività da parte dei soggetti, i quali devono vedere le loro pretese, opinioni ed emozioni integrate e considerate nel processo, quando della consegna di una decisione. L’ipotesi, basata sulla letteratura di riferimento, si fondava sull’indicazione che la mediazione rende il processo più democratico, proprio perché si basa sull’idea di produrre significato giuridico, non come esclusività dello Stato, ma attraverso l’espansione di questo processo (democratico) basato sull’effettivo accesso a tutti gli individui coinvolti, poiché vi è la consapevolezza che essi sono partecipanti diretti nella costruzione degli atti decisionali. La ricerca sul campo si è concentrata sul CEJUSC (Centro Giudiziario per la Risoluzione dei Conflitti e la Cittadinanza) del Distretto di Toledo-PR (per quanto riguarda la mediazione), in confronto con il Tribunale di Famiglia e Successione dello stesso Distretto (per quanto riguarda la conciliazione). Dalla revisione della dottrina, dall’analisi della normativa di riferimento e dalle interviste semistrutturate agli utenti, è emerso che la mediazione ha avuto migliori performance nel punteggio nella tabella Likert e, in base all’analisi qualitativa delle interviste, è stata elogiata la sua procedura dialogica, corroborando l'ipotesi.Tuttavia, la preferenza maggiore da parte degli intervistati è caduta sulla conciliazione tradizionale, con la sua aura di aggiudicazione, per evidenziarne l'importanza per i soggetti, in una cultura in cui la partecipazione alla magistratura è ancora in fase nascente. Pertanto, anche se la legge – in particolare il Nuovo Codice di Procedura Civile e la Legge sulla Mediazione – sono strumenti importanti per cambiare la cultura, da sole non hanno il potere di farlo. Si sostiene quindi la tesi secondo cui l'art. 334 Codice de Procedura Civile., invece di incoraggiare pratiche autocompositive, finisce per determinare l'invio indiscriminato di processi con modalità poco conosciute dalle parti, le quali sono presenti più per timore della sanzione procedurale della sanzione pecuniaria che con la convinzione che lì i loro conflitti verranno risolti meglio, con piena consapevolezza di ciò che sarà loro richiesto per farlo. Inoltre, è evidente che i Tribunali non hanno fatto gli investimenti necessari per dare alle CEJUSC la dignità dell’unità giudiziaria, che potrebbe fornire i mezzi necessari per la costituzione di un paradigma della cultura della pacificazione. Thu, 16 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12995 2023-11-16T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12992 Inteligência artificial, segurança jurídica e aplicação no poder judiciário brasileiro Giannakos, Demétrio Beck da Silva In the current global scenario, AI (artificial intelligence) is one of the main topics being studied in the legal field. This research problematizes whether, in Brazilian Courts, there would be a minimum legal certainty for a possible and eventual application of AI in decision-making, based on respect for the determination of uniformity of jurisprudence (art. 926 of the CPC). Such a debate can contribute to obtaining a hermeneutics suitable for solving concrete cases, with respect to the Hermeneutical Criticism of Law and even the Economic Analysis of Law. The hypothesis, from the perspective of civil procedural law, points to the lack of a sufficiently secure database to be applied by AI. This approach, without disregarding other possibilities, can contribute to greater adequate legal certainty. The study carried out uses the phenomenological-hermeneutic method and the literature review research methodology. The need to respect legal certainty is defended, with the aim of complying with the legal determination provided for in articles 489 and 926, both of the CPC. Such need and attention is nothing more than respecting the Law itself, as will be demonstrated throughout the research. Furthermore, it will be presented how AI algorithms have been applied to forensic practice and how they can facilitate and assist in the day-to-day work of the Judiciary. It is concluded, therefore, that there is still no sufficiently secure database (jurisprudence and precedents) for the application of AI in decision-making, precisely as a result of the judicial activism practiced by the Courts. Likewise, from a technical and practical point of view, both the judge's activity and that of robots will be subject to the imprecision of natural language (vagueness and ambiguity), leaving room for cases in which there is room for interpretation. These, precisely, are not yet, in their entirety, captured by AI. The legal text established in a general and abstract way cannot, by definition, account for all practical everyday situations, always requiring the discussion of necessary and sufficient conditions. In view of this, even though it is known that AI is impossible to apply to decision-making, respect and attention to the standardization of jurisprudence and so-called precedents would certainly contribute to this idea. Tue, 19 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12992 2023-12-19T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12920 Economia do compartilhamento: em busca de uma tributação constitucionalmente adequada em uma sociedade desigual Perfeito, Sidnei da Silva The research starts by exploring how the concept of the commons has evolved over time into private property. This is compared to the historical treatment of property taxation, from ancient times to the present-day platform society. This exploration has influenced the development of the sharing economy, which is a concept that can have different interpretations depending on the specific context in which it is used. Throughout history, the concept of private property has been intricately linked to notions of power, wealth generation, and its outward expression. In this context, taxation has consistently served as a guiding force, shaping our societal interactions with material possessions. The transformative shifts observed in relation to societal expectations, legal frameworks, and temporal dynamics pose significant challenges to the viability of the nation-state within the context of an increasingly interconnected and globalized world. This research endeavors to examine the sharing of real estate within the framework of the sharing economy concept, employing a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach influenced by the Hermeneutic Critique of Law. The ascendancy of platforms and other global actors within society signifies a discernible erosion of the nation-state's capacity to unilaterally shape the trajectory of communal existence. The evolving nature of individuals' temporal and stable orientations has undergone significant transformations, wherein the incorporation of continuous experimentation has emerged as a pivotal component in their cognitive grasp of the world. The research endeavors to comprehend the potentialities of the Brazilian constitutional state regarding the taxation of sharing facilitated by global platforms, with a particular focus on the realm of real estate. The phenomenon may manifest itself in a manner that is subject to both stimulation and discouragement through taxation. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly examine the multifaceted aspects of the sharing economy, encompassing diverse viewpoints, while duly acknowledging the indispensable role played by platforms in the modern societal landscape. In an era marked by platformization, the traditional role and significance of the nation-state are being increasingly challenged. This has led to a critical examination of the effectiveness of utilizing the taxation function of the nation-state as a mechanism for addressing and mitigating inequality within a contemporary late modern society. Thus, the feasibility of implementing taxation on the shared real estate in its various forms is examined, aiming to mitigate inequalities within the Brazilian context.; La investigación se inicia explorando la evolución de la noción de lo común, que ha pasado de ser un concepto colectivo a convertirse en propiedad privada a lo largo de la historia. Se establece un paralelo con la forma en que se han manejado los impuestos sobre la propiedad desde los tiempos antiguos hasta la sociedad actual de plataformas, que ha dado lugar al surgimiento de la economía colaborativa. Este concepto, aunque amplio y con múltiples significados, varía dependiendo del contexto en el que se aplique. En el transcurso de esta evolución en la cual la concepción de la propiedad privada se encuentra intrínsecamente ligada al poder y a la generación y manifestación de riqueza, la fiscalidad ha desempeñado históricamente una función directiva en la manera in cómo nos relacionamos con la propiedad. Los cambios que se han producido en términos de expectativas, derechos y tiempo plantean interrogantes sobre las capacidades del Estado-nación en un contexto de globalización. La investigación se enfoca en analizar el fenómeno de compartir bienes inmuebles dentro del marco de la economía colaborativa, utilizando una perspectiva hermenéutico-fenomenológica adaptada por la Crítica Hermenéutica del Derecho. Una sociedad que se basa en plataformas y otros actores internacionales demuestra una disminución de la capacidad del Estado-nación para establecer el curso de la vida comunitaria. La relación de las personas con el tiempo y la estabilidad ha cambiado mucho, y la experimentación continua se ha convertido en una parte importante de la aprehensión personal del mundo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la investigación es comprender las posibilidades del Estado constitucional brasileño en cuanto a la imposición de compartir mediada por plataformas globales, especialmente en lo que respecta a bienes inmuebles. La tributación puede estimular o desalentar el fenómeno. Como resultado, se discute la economía colaborativa desde una variedad de ángulos, incluyendo el papel esencial de las plataformas en la sociedad moderna. En una sociedad fragmentada, se cuestiona la importancia del Estado-nación, llegando a cuestionar si es posible utilizar su capacidad tributaria para disminuir la desigualdad en un país de reciente modernidad. En el escenario brasileño, se investiga la posibilidad de que la tributación incluya la propiedad inmobiliaria compartida en todas sus manifestaciones, con el objetivo de reducir las desigualdades. Tue, 26 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12920 2023-09-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12918 O lugar do ruído na lei de acesso à informação brasileira: uma proposta fenomelógica partindo da máxima divulgação Ferreira, Maiqui Cardoso The current research aims to comprehend the concept of Public Information as presented in the Brazilian Access to Information Law through a phenomenological critique. This examination considers the noise introduced by petitioners and utilizes the theoretical framework of Noise as the difference between information sent and received. It seeks to understand the effectiveness of the Maximum Disclosure principle. With this stated objective, the research problem seeks to understand the role of Noise in the interpretation and effectiveness of public information access in Brazil. In preparation for the discussion of this issue, an initial study of international information access was conducted. This study involved cross-referencing the Global Right to Information and Transparency International indices to identify commonalities, problems, and institutions among the top-ranked countries using a documentary matching methodology. Based on this data, the research developed analytical categories to employ Phenomenological Research Design in order to understand how the concept of public information is interpreted and actualized in the decisions of the Joint Commission for Information Revalidation. The discussion of the problem concludes with a theoretical consideration of the existence of implicit interpretative assumptions in the decisions, as well as a disruption in the narrative continuity within the procedures. This disruption indicates issues of Noise that interfere with the full effectiveness of Maximum Disclosure. Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12918 2023-09-29T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12758 Hans Kelsen, Eric Voegelin e a Democracia Back, Mateus Di Palma The present work aims to investigate the reasons that led Hans Kelsen to write his harsh criticism of Eric Voegelin's The New Science of Politics in a text that was published posthumously. The problem is to know to what extent the theory of democracy explains these criticisms, if at all. The hypothesis is defended that, despite the general complexity of the considerations and the thematic variety of the subjects, the general motive for this criticism can be understood as a concern for the concept – the essence – and the defense – the value – of democracy, as an idea and a political project. To corroborate this hypothesis, a bibliographic review, understood as a review of published documents (books, articles and correspondence), was carried out, and the study method used in this investigation can generally be called empathetic-comprehensive interpretation. The investigation was structured in four chapters: in the first, an attempt was made to understand the formation and discrepancies between the positions of the authors studied in the face of the constitutional transformations of the first Austrian republic; in the second, we aimed to establish a general contrast between the authors' positions on the issue of nationalism, understood as a political principle that requires congruence between the people and the State; in the third, it was necessary acertained how to study the opposition between the authors' positions in the field of epistemology, specifically in a discussion around the concepts of method and positivism; finally, in the last chapter, the efforts of the previous chapters were synthesized to demonstrate how, behind a discussion about the meaning of political representation, there was hidden a serious disagreement regarding the concept and the project of democracy; this last chapter also investigates the relationship between political representation and truth as the ultimate expression of this disagreement. In general, one can to conclude that, in view of the investigation efforts, it was possible to corroborate the working hypothesis in some capacity.; El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar las razones que llevaron a Hans Kelsen a escribir su dura crítica a The New Science of Politics de Eric Voegelin en un texto que fue publicado póstumamente. El problema es saber hasta qué punto la teoría de la democracia explica estas críticas, si es que lo hace. Se defiende la hipótesis de que, apesar de la complejidad general de las consideraciones y la variedad temática de los sujetos, el motivo general de esta crítica puede entenderse como una preocupación por el concepto – la esencia – y la defensa – el valor – de la democracia como idea y proyecto político. Para corroborar esta hipótesis se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, entendida como revisión de documentos publicados (libros, artículos y correspondencia), y el método de estudio utilizado en esta investigación puede en general denominarse interpretación empáticocomprehensiva. La investigación se estructuró en cuatro capítulos: en el primero, se intentó comprender la formación y discrepancias entre las posiciones de los autores estudiados frente a las transformaciones constitucionales de la primera república austriaca; en el segundo, se buscó establecer un contraste general entre las posiciones de los autores sobre el tema del nacionalismo, entendido como un principio político que exige la congruencia entre el pueblo y el Estado; en el tercero, cómo estudiar la oposición entre las posiciones de los autores en el campo de la epistemología, como una discusión en torno a los conceptos de método y positivismo; finalmente, en el último capítulo, se sintetizaron los esfuerzos de los capítulos anteriores para demostrar cómo, detrás de una discusión sobre el significado de la representación política, se escondía un serio desacuerdo en torno al concepto y proyecto de democracia; este último capítulo también investiga la relación entre la representación política y la verdad como expresión última de este desacuerdo. En general, se puede concluir que, en vista de los esfuerzos de investigación, fue posible corroborar la hipótesis de trabajo en alguna medida. Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12758 2023-05-11T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12756 Direito da moda: uma área despertada pela variação sistêmico-econômica do mercado da moda Girelli, Camile Serraggio Fashion, like all other areas of human knowledge, is in constant motion and, especially in recent decades, has undergone several variations in its Industries to the point of not being able to solve its problems autonomously. To help resolve these issues and present solutions, strategies and protection for the Fashion market, a new field of action has emerged in Law, a subsystem of Economic Law, Fashion Law, which, despite already being present in legal practice, from different countries around the world, still does not have an academic organization and implementation in Universities. Bearing in mind that the jurist's role can take place both in a preventive, advisory and litigious way, in the most diverse Industries that make up the Fashion Industry and in the different stages of consumption (pre, during and post), there is a significant range of relationships that need coupling with the Law. In order to analyze this new Law, the present thesis has as its central problem the following question: What are the structuring elements of Fashion Law, taking into account the systemic-economic perspectives and what is the best way to prepare the professionals of the future for this branch of legal action? Its general objective is to study Fashion Law as a legal subsystem to regulate and protect all stages of the Fashion Industry, its professionals, consumers and companies. In order to make this study viable, we used mainly the systemic-constructivist method, but also other research techniques such as documental, historiographical, case studies and bibliographical ones. In conclusion to all this analysis and studies, it was recognized, therefore, the urgent need for training, even at the undergraduate level, of professionals who are able to serve this Industry that, being creative and dynamic in essence, presents so many challenges. Fri, 28 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12756 2023-04-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12688 Jurisdição constitucional de crise: análise e proposta hermenêuticas para a jurisdição constitucional extraordinária brasileira. Lorenzoni, Pietro Cardia This research is part of the area of concentration of Public Law and the line of research of Hermeneutics, Constitution and Rights of the Post-Graduate Program in Law of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos. It starts from the need for a theory of judicial decision proper to brazilian constitutional crisis. Thus, considering the constitutional crisis arising from the COVID-19's pandemic and the need for an Extraordinary Constitutional Jurisdiction, the objective is to understand the legitimacy of the judicial decision and reasoning of the Supremo Tribunal Federal in this context. In order to do so, it proceeds to the study, by the hermeneuticphenomenological method, of the theory of the judicial decision in the first chapter, of the brazilian constitutional history with a focus on judicial reasoning of the Supremo Tribunal Federal in the second chapter and of the contemporary brazilian scenario of constitutional degeneration and high polarization in politics in the third chapter. Thus, from the research carried out, a theory of Extraorary Constitutional Jurisprudence is proposed, supported by 6 criteria of interpretation and application of the brazilian Constitution. With the proposed theory, decisions of the brazilian Constitutional Court were analyzed, wich allowed to conclude for the legitimacy of the jurisprudence of the Supremo Tribunal Federal in facing the constitutional crisis of COVID-19. Fri, 24 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12688 2022-06-24T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12684 Inteligência artificial e juiz-robô: os algoritmos na tomada de decisões pelo poder judiciário. Hoch, Patrícia Adriani This thesis proposes to reflect under which conditions the hermeneutics of philosophical bias, from Heidegger and Gadamer, and the Dworkin ‘s theory can serve as parameters for the use of artificial intelligence by the Brazilian Judiciary, especially in the decision-making context. It seeks to understand the (im)possibility of machines to decide lawsuits, consolidating the robot judge, replacing the human judge. The development of information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, allowed the emergence of the network society, which connects without temporal and spatial barriers. With the digital revolution, the Fourth Industrial Revolution emerged, in which artificial intelligence stands out, through the use of algorithms. This panorama impacted the Judiciary, which has been using new technologies to seek greater procedural speed, reducing the problem of judicial delays. However, alongside the numerous advantages that the use of artificial intelligence offers the Judiciary, serious risks are also revealed, especially subjectivity and the lack of algorithmic transparency, associated with the danger of non-compliance with already established rights and principles. This problem also stems from the lack of regulation of artificial intelligence in Brazil, especially regarding its use by the Judiciary. All these situations are analyzed from the phenomenological-hermeneutic approach and the use of historical, comparative and monographic procedure methods, associated with empirical research, which made it possible to consult the National Council of Justice and Brazilian Courts, through the completion of Google forms, regarding the use of artificial intelligence, especially algorithms. The 68 (sixty-eight) responses obtained were analyzed, whose practices revealed by the application of the technique of direct and systematic observation allowed the comparison between the perception of the study participants and the theoretical contribution used in the thesis. In this scenario, the opportunities and risks related to technological development challenge institutions, such as the Judiciary, which must appropriate artificial intelligence and use it, in the decision-making scenario, to support the role of the judge (and not replace it), the relevant legislative production is still necessary. The limits of the integrity of the law and of the hermeneutics of philosophical bias are revealed to be important, so that the use of artificial intelligence in the decision-making context involves, firstly, the need to guarantee the reasoning of decisions by the judge (either machine or human) to achieve the appropriate response in each process. This response also comprises an integral and coherent decision to the specific case, with the observance of the ethical and trust parameters defined by the European Union and combined with those already defined in Brazilian Law. Finally, the judicial decision must contemplate the follow-up (or supervision) of a human judge, so that the attribution of meaning to the text is produced in the context of the hermeneutic circle, with the guarantee of transparency of the entire procedure, within the fusion of horizons. meaning of the specific case, the text and the interpreter, according to the legislative initiatives addressed. Tue, 07 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12684 2022-06-07T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12578 Da arquitetura da impunidade à arquitetura da responsabilidade das ETNs aos direitos humanos: a RSE e o processo de construção de uma categoria jurídica Boscatto, Muriele de Conto Le thème de la recherche est la responsabilité des ETNs envers les droits humains. Le problème réside dans l'investigation de la possibilité de la construction d'une catégorie juridique de la RSE, qui, dépassant le dualisme du hard law et du soft law, réponde au défi de lier les acteurs privés transnationaux à des obligations directes et positives aux droits humains. Les auteurs du cosmopolitisme offrent des contributions importantes à la légitimité d'un droit mondial. Par ailleurs, l'herméneutique philosophique, appliquée au droit, dépasse le descriptivisme, s'ouvrant à l'intersubjectivité, trouvant dans l'interprétivisme une méthodologie sérieuse. Ces bases, entrecroisées avec le pluralisme de Delmas-Marty, ont été impactées par les défis de la globalisation dans le but de contenir la mondialisation galopante, induisent des hypothèses affirmatives au problème. Grâce aux interactions normatives qui se produisent au sein des Nations Unies, reflétées par la marche historique de formation et de consolidation du devoir de respect des entreprises aux droits humains, surtout par les UNGP et par les négociations des traités, nous pouvons clarifier les objectifs de la RSE. Par conséquent, à la suite d'un processus complexe, qui est guidé par les droits humains, nous pouvons aboutir à un droit commun et harmonisé, capable de soutenir et de transformer la RSE. L'investigation méthodologique se concentre sur deux parties qui se fonderont sur la phénoménologie herméneutique. Une première partie, ouvrant « la boîte de Pandore », approfondit plus d'un demi-siècle d'initiatives des Nations Unies pour définir des normes de comportement responsable des entreprises en matière de droits humains. La deuxième partie, qui se propose de faire de la contrainte épistémologique, premièrement, afin de surmonter les obstacles de la théorie du droit souverain ; et ensuite, d'établir les bases d'ordre pratique et juridique de façon à catégoriser la RSE. Le résultat a confirmé l'hypothèse. Il existe un soutien suffisant pour contraindre directement les ETNs en matière de droits humains, et cela dans leur chaîne d'approvisionnement. Pour conclure, nous estimons que l’exigence semble être celle de casser les dogmes du passé et voir dans le travail des Nations Unies, en particulier, dans le développement et la consolidation du devoir des entreprises de respecter les droits humains, une volonté de la communauté internationale. Dans ce processus, le devoir de respect des entreprises des droits humains prime sur la condition d'un principe commun (harmonisé), faisant écho à l'obligation et au respect et changeant le volontarisme classique de la RSE. Tue, 04 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12578 2023-07-04T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12577 Prisão domiciliar cautelar sob uma perspectiva de gênero: estudo à luz do habeas corpus coletivo 143.641- SP/2018 e seus efeitos no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul Rodríguez, Liziane da Silva Reflecting the extent to which gender impacts Habeas Corpus decisions in relation to house arrests within the scope of the Court of Justice of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, this research aims to understand whether the precautionary measure is being made feasible. Thus, the problem is analyzed in light of the Early Childhood Framework and Collective Habeas Corpus nº 143.641 – SP/2018, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Based on a jurisprudence timeframe dating from 03/30/2022 to 02/12/2020 (date of trial), the research qualitatively analyses the grounds presented for the concessions or denials of house arrest for pregnant women and women with children up to 12 years old. Quantitatively, the research used as a sample the crimes that most required the measure and verified how many were granted or denied. Thus, the study starts by analysing basic concepts of preventative arrest, preventive detention and house arrest. In addition, it assesses the Early Childhood Framework, the Collective Habeas Corpus nº 143.641 - SP/2018 and other measures mentioned in these documents. Then, the study evolves to analyze data on female incarceration, both nationally and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which provides a basis for understanding the profile of women detainees. In this sense, the Habeas Corpus jurisprudence for house arrest of the Court of Rio Grande do Sul is analysed to verify the narratives that justify its application or not. Using Critical Criminology and Feminist Criminology standpoints, the study critically analyses the Brazilian criminal justice system and its punitivism, intertwining gender issues with the arguments and narratives found in the Court's decisions. The study concluded that the decisions have a gender bias and that a social study could be an interesting alternative to verify whether the measure of house arrest would serve the best interest of the child. For that, the methodology used is the qualitative approach, with documental analysis and jurisprudential investigation.; Cuestionando sobre en qué medida el género incide en las decisiones de Habeas Corpus sobre prisión domiciliaria en el ámbito del Tribunal de Justicia del Estado del Río Grande del Sur, esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender si la medida cautelar está siendo factible. Así, el problema es evaluado a la luz del Marco da Primeira Infância y del Habeas Corpus Colectivo nº 143.641 – SP/2018, de forma cualitativa y cuantitativa. Con base en un marco temporal de jurisprudencia del 30/03/2022 a 12/02/2020 (fecha del juicio), son analizadas cualitativamente las causas presentadas para otorgar o denegar la prisión domiciliaria para mujeres embarazadas y mujeres con niños con hasta 12 años. Cuantitativamente, se verifica cuáles fueron los delitos que más requirieron la medida cautelar y cuántos fueron concedidos y denegados. Así, inicialmente, en esta tesis doctoral se abordan conceptos básicos de detención cautelar, prisión preventiva y arresto domiciliario. Además, se discute el Marco da Primeira Infância, el Habeas Corpus Colectivo nº 143.641 - SP/2018 y otras medidas citadas en esos documentos, que inciden en las cuestiones del tema propuesto. Luego, se pasa a analizar los datos sobre el encarcelamiento femenino, tanto a nivel nacional como en el estado del Río Grande del Sur, que promueven base para comprender el perfil de las mujeres en prisión. En este sentido, se presenta la jurisprudencia de la Corte del Río Grande del Sur, es decir, se presentan las decisiones de Habeas Corpus en materia de prisión domiciliaria, con el fin de verificar cuáles fueron los discursos colocados, discutiendo, por lo tanto, el problema propuesto. Posteriormente, teniendo como aporte teórico la Criminología Crítica y la Criminología Feminista, en vista de los resultados obtenidos del análisis de la jurisprudencia, son presentadas críticas al sistema de justicia penal brasileño y a la justicia punitiva, entrelazando cuestiones de género con los fundamentos encontrados en las decisiones de la corte. Para ello, la metodología utilizada es el enfoque cualitativo, con levantamiento documental e investigación jurisprudencial. Fri, 31 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12577 2023-03-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12576 Jurisdição Constitucional e hermenêutica: o avanço dos métodos concretistas e pragmático-consequencialistas no Brasil Cavalcante, Diogo Lopes The exercise of constitutional jurisdiction in Brazil has changed in recent years due to the advance of concretism and a pragmatic-consequentialist hermeneutic model, mitigating an abstract approach and a deductive-syllogistic methodology. In this context, the mixed formula of constitutionality control was redefined, in which diffuse control and concentrated constitutionality control were adopted in parallel, in which, respectively, any judge or court can attest to the constitutionality of norms in a concrete case, or in which the Federal Supreme Court attests to the unconstitutionality of the rules in the abstract. Now, constitutional jurisdiction incorporated the evolution of modern hermeneutic instruments and methods, with extensive use of alien institutes, despite several conceptual controversies, making the jurisdictional exercise unprecedented. In this sense, even though Brazil presents a model of action in a parallel thesis of constitutionality control, the hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that the constitutional jurisdiction has adapted nowadays with grouped judgments of concentrated constitutionality control actions and appeal incidents, with maturation of the writ of injunction, application of the constitutional change and use of instruments such as the amicus curiae. And, precisely, this adaptation resulted from the concretist influence, as in Konrad Hesse and Friedrich Muller, and the pragmatic-consequentialist, as in Richard Posner and Cass Sunstein. A hypothesis confronted in the work from a theoretical point of view and from an empirical point of view, with the analysis of some more recent decisions of the Federal Supreme Court, which demonstrate the evident hybrid influence of the North American and German models of constitutional jurisdiction, with an active role of the Federal Supreme Court, which has been raising debates around the institutional dialogue and the violation or not of democracy, as in the studies of Jeremy Waldron and Stephen Holmes. Mon, 03 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12576 2023-04-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12575 Estratégias autorregulatórias no cenário de riscos dos resíduos nanotecnológicos a partir da economia circular: uma proposta de rastreabilidade dos nanomateriais Leal, Daniele Weber da Silva This thesis intends to demonstrate the impacts of the Nanotechnological Revolution in contemporary society, situated in the scenario of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Analyze the complexities of this technology, ranging from the same characteristics that make nanomaterials different and beneficial, while also generating concerns and doubts about the risk, about their behavior, especially regarding their interaction with the ecosystem. The focus of this study is on nanotechnological waste, or nanowaste, with emphasis on nanoplastics, which are part of a situation of risk and the need to adopt sustainable development and a safer final destination. It is intended to encourage empirical research with a proposal for a systematic review of the literature, especially in the CAPES Periodicals Portal, based on search keywords, with subsequent analysis of the extracted data, envisioning the pertinence of the research in the scientific community. The problem of this Doctoral Thesis presents the following structuring contours about the absence of specific regulations for nanotechnological waste, and how the adoption of the Circular Economy by companies, founded on (nano)sustainability, can implement the implementation of traceability of nanoproducts (from cradle to the cradle), and of nanotechnological waste, which, consequently, will effect risk management and selfregulation, in a space illuminated by the sustainability required in this scenario permeated by nanotechnological uncertainties and risks, in respect of the greater objective of SDGs 9 and 12 of the United Nations (UN). In addition, it seeks to build the structuring elements for the necessary (self)regulation based on Teubner's Constitutional Fragments, which identifies new actors and unprecedented spaces of self-regulation, through the adoption of sustainable measures imposed in this scenario of “nanotechnological risks”, presenting as a possible alternative, a project for “traceability of nanotechnological waste” – based on the very basic principles of the Circular Economy – in parallel with the Bill pending in the Chamber of Deputies nº 7.088, of 2017, by Rômulo Gouveia, which amends Law nº 12,305, of 2010, which establishes the National Solid Waste Policy, to provide for the tracking of hazardous waste. The general objective of the thesis is to study a self-regulatory alternative in the face of a specific absence for nanoproducts and nanotechnological residues. To this end, it will be analyzed how the adoption of the Circular Economy by companies, founded on (nano)sustainability, can implement the traceability of nanoproducts and nanotechnological residues, also carrying out the specific focus on nanoplastics as a new attention within of waste. The self-regulatory basis will be explored through instruments with regulatory potential in the European Union, with a focus on the OECD. The investigation will be carried out using the systemic-constructivist methodology, with functional analysis (LUHMANN). As final considerations, the feasibility of adopting the circular economy based on (nano)sustainability is presented, as well as the possibility of implementing traceability of nanomaterials through self-regulatory structures. Fri, 12 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12575 2023-05-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12574 Constitucionalismo intersistêmico: o tratamento jurídico da pandemia do Covid-19 no Brasil e a consolidação de uma terceira fase do direito constitucional Costa, Bernardo Leandro Carvalho La thèse vise à tracer un panorama sur la consolidation du constitutionnalisme à travers ses deux phases différentes; et proposer la considération d'une troisième phase: celle du Constitutionnalisme Inter-systémique. À cette fin, on commence par la définition du Droit Constitutionnel chez Dominique Rousseau, dans lequel il y a une phase liée à la séparation des pouvoirs; et un autre lié à la garantie des droits. À cette conceptualisation, de nouveaux éléments sont ajoutés, qui remettent en question les relations entre le Droit et la politique aujourd'hui, en particulier à l'époque après la sédimentation du processus de mondialisation dans la société mondiale. Grâce à ce problème, nous cherchons à présenter des aspects théoriques capables de contribuer à la résolution de ces nouveaux problèmes. Dans le cas spécifique de cette recherche, un cas de nature mondiale est sélectionné, la pandémie Covid-19, et la façon dont les concepts mentionnés sont montrés sont essentiels pour sa résolution, en particulier le caractère transdisciplinaire et le monde des réponses légales présentées par les tribunaux. Dans les contributions concluantes, du problème et de la théorie présentées, l'émergence d'une troisième phase de droit constitutionnel est soutenue, ajoutant de nouveaux éléments aux phases précédentes. Cette proposition part de la méthodologie pragmatiquesystémique d'observation du phénomène juridique, mettant en évidence l'indispensabilité de l'utilisation, par le Système de Droit, des éléments communicatifs d'autres systèmes sociaux, pour la résolution des cas de nature mondiale. La technique de recherche employée est celle de la documentation indirecte, avec un examen de la bibliographie nationale et étrangère. Thu, 13 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/12574 2023-04-13T00:00:00Z