PPG Psicologia

Universitários e a relação entre uso de drogas, assertividade, estratégias de coping, impulsividade e suporte social: um estudo misto

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Universitários e a relação entre uso de drogas, assertividade, estratégias de coping, impulsividade e suporte social: um estudo misto Aguiar, Karoline Giele Martins de Global economic expansion demands increasingly qualified professionals, driving the increase in the number of young people and adults in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), where, in addition to acquiring knowledge and skills and socializing, they may face psychological distress and the risk of drug use. This academic path, although it promotes knowledge, skills and socialization, can also lead to psychological distress and drug use. Assertiveness and coping strategies can facilitate academic adaptation, while their absence tends to induce maladaptive responses, impulsivity and, eventually, drug use, and social support, in this context, can mitigate or exacerbate these difficulties. Understanding the interactions between university students, assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support can foster preventive and intervention strategies for promoting mental health. The thesis analyzed the constructs assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support based on the network of interactions between these variables and drug use by university students, investigated the predictive factor of the variables in university students who are drug users and non-users, and the understanding of the aforementioned constructs from the context of university students undergoing treatment for chemical dependency. Composed of three studies, the thesis uses a mixed cross-sectional method. Study I analyzes the interaction between the dimensions of the scales: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Rathus Assertiveness Scale (RAS), Brief COPE Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and Social Support Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study’s Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), through Network Analysis (RA) of 505 university students (367 used legal and/or illegal drugs and 138 did not use them). Data collection was carried out online, using Google Forms, and analyses were performed using R software, version 4.4.0. Study II, of an explanatory quantitative nature, used the instruments already mentioned in study I to investigate the predictive factor of assertiveness, coping strategies, impulsivity and social support (independent variables) in 505 university students who are drug users and non-users (dependent variable), with analysis using Poisson Regression. Finally, study III, an exploratory qualitative study, sought to deepen the understanding of the constructs in 07 university students undergoing treatment at CAPS AD III, applying the same, in addition to semi-structured interviews, with analysis supported by Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The results of the thesis indicate that assertiveness is connected to the dimensions of coping strategies, behavioral disinvestment and self-blame in university students who use drugs. Nonadaptive coping strategies, such as substance use, behavioral disinvestment and selfoccupation, combined with social interaction and motor impulsivity are factors that increase drug use. In college students undergoing treatment for Substance Use Disorder (SUD), shyness and passive and/or aggressive behaviors stand out to deal with intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties, with drug use increasing feelings of rumination and worsening the condition. It is concluded that the college trajectory involves complex interactions that, associated with individual characteristics, can influence drug use among students. The study suggests intervention proposals addressing the studied variables as a mechanism to promote quality of life and prevent drug use among college students.

Relações entre resiliência e sofrimento mental em acadêmicos da Educação Superior

Fri, 26 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Relações entre resiliência e sofrimento mental em acadêmicos da Educação Superior Delbem, Henrique Yung This thesis investigated the relationships between resilience, mental health, and substance use in higher education students, under the framework of the Multisystemic Model of Resilience (MSMR). The research was structured into three studies that furthered the understanding of this phenomenon. Study 1 consisted of a narrative literature review of the last 25 years, which established the thesis theoretical framework, justified the adoption of the MSMR, and synthesized the state of the art on the subject. The findings indicate that resilience consistently acts as a protective factor against psychological distress. Study 2, a quantitative and crosssectional study, analyzed a sample of 357 university students, mapping the correlations between dimensions of resilience (MSMR-I), indicators of psychological distress (COREOM), substance use (AUDIT), and sociodemographic variables. Sociodemographic and contextual factors were found to be important moderators, with external resilience associated with higher income and White ethnicity, and internal resilience associated with more positive health behaviors. Study 3, a quantitative and longitudinal investigation, followed 169 medical students over two academic semesters, analyzing the temporal evolution of these variables and their interrelationships using network analyses and regression models. The most salient finding from the longitudinal study reveals an incongruity in the adaptive process: although the students' global resilience increased over time, indicators of emotional distress (complaints and symptoms) also significantly worsened. This result suggests that in highstress environments, the development of resilience resources may occur as an adaptive mechanism that does not necessarily translate into subjective well-being, thereby imposing a psychosocial cost. It is concluded that resilience is a dynamic and multisystemic process. Its effective promotion in higher education requires social and institutional interventions focused on creating healthy academic environments and strengthening support systems (external resilience), rather than approaches centered exclusively on the individual.

O papel das crenças na violência conjugal e impactos na saúde mental

Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT

O papel das crenças na violência conjugal e impactos na saúde mental Lemos, Dayse Chaves The aim of this dissertation was to analyze the role of beliefs about intimate partner violence in the occurrence of violence and its impacts on mental health. This dissertation is composed of three empirical articles. The first qualitative and exploratory study aimed to investigate beliefs about intimate partner violence through a focus group. The results revealed three central axes of beliefs: 1) the influence of culture, gender, and masculinity on the acceptance of violence; 2) transgenerationality and the naturalization of violence; and 3) justifications for the occurrence of violence. The second quantitative study aimed to identify the level of agreement with these beliefs, compare the perspectives of men and women, and verify which sociodemographic characteristics could predict higher levels of agreement with the beliefs. The results showed low levels of agreement with beliefs legitimizing violence, but men presented higher levels of agreement with these beliefs than women (p<0.05). The third study, of a correlational nature, sought to analyze the level of agreement with the beliefs and verify possible associations with perpetration and victimization in relationships and their impact on mental health. The results showed low levels of agreement with the beliefs, but high rates of violence and an association between the occurrence of intimate partner violence and mental illness. The dissertation findings reveal an initial scenario of transformation in beliefs about violence, which still does not seem to be reflected in changes in violent behavior in intimate relationships

Trabalho docente e saúde mental de professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: análises a partir da Psicologia Positiva

Mon, 24 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Trabalho docente e saúde mental de professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil: análises a partir da Psicologia Positiva Santos, Anelise Schaurich dos Private education teachers are a professional category exposed to intense demands, which often are not accompanied by sufficient job resources. This can make educators sick, which helps explain the fact that most studies with this category focus on the negative aspects of teaching work. In order to help overcome the mental illness perspective in this category, this thesis aimed to analyze the influence of personal characteristics, job demands and job resources on the subjective wellbeing of teachers from private educational institutions in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. It is organized in three studies. The first is a qualitative study focused on job resources that contribute to the optimization of teacher wellbeing. The second is a quantitative study that, examining personal characteristics, Job Demands-Resources present in teaching work, verified the profile of educators more and less mentally healthy. The third study, also quantitative, aimed to know the relationships between mental health, Job Demands-Resources, Work Engagement and personal characteristics of teachers. There are indications that main job resource to face difficulties in teaching work is the establishment and maintenance of positive relationships with colleagues, managers and students. It is suggested the development and implementation of interventions for private education teachers from the references of Positive Psychology, in order to strengthen the personal strengths of educators and the healthy aspects of teaching work.

Sintomas emocionais na díade: repercussões nas relações conjugais e coparentais

Fri, 01 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Sintomas emocionais na díade: repercussões nas relações conjugais e coparentais Fidelis, Daiana Quadros This thesis aimed to investigate the relationships between emotional symptoms in the dyad, marital quality, and coparenting in couples from nuclear and remarried families with children aged 6 to 11 years. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory study. A total of 174 adults aged between 20 and 51 years (M = 39.1; SD = 5.76) participated, of which 81.5% (n = 141) resided in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were: a sociodemographic questionnaire, CI-PA, GRIMS, ERC, DASS-21, and R-DAS. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) and was conducted online through an electronic form on the Microsoft Forms platform. The results were organized into three empirical studies: 1. Impact of personal, marital, and coparental characteristics on couples' psychological distress; 2. Relationships between marital quality, dyadic adjustment, and coparenting: a comparative study; 3. The repercussions of mental health on marital and coparental quality in parents with children aged 6 to 11. The findings support the notion that emotional health impacts couples, regardless of family configuration, causing a spillover effect into subsystems. The importance of further studies on the topic and the relevance of the findings for advancing the field of Psychology is emphasized.

Função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização em pais de crianças em cuidados paliativos

Tue, 20 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Função reflexiva e capacidade de mentalização em pais de crianças em cuidados paliativos Paiani, Raquel Lacerda A good mentalization (M) and reflective functioning (RF) can serve as a protective factor in situations of stress and trauma, particularly within the context of palliative care (PC). The objective was to understand the experience of parents of children in palliative care from the perspective of the mentalization approach. This is a qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study comprising multiple case studies conducted in a hospital in the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. The participants included 5 fathers, 3 mothers and 2 fathers of children who were being monitored by the PC team. The children were between the ages of 16 days and 7 years. The diagnoses were a genetic anomaly and other oncological diagnoses of a head tumor. The Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Questionnaire, the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and the Life History and Current Relationships Interview were employed for data collection. The findings indicate that parents with good M are more equipped to navigate the emotional complexities associated with their child's diagnosis and treatment. These competencies enable parents to more effectively regulate and interpret their own emotional states, which in turn facilitates more appropriate emotional support for their children.

Estresse de minoria, sintomas emocionais e violência entre parceiros íntimos em pessoas LGBT no contexto brasileiro

Fri, 19 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT

Estresse de minoria, sintomas emocionais e violência entre parceiros íntimos em pessoas LGBT no contexto brasileiro Gaspodini, Icaro Bonamigo In the last decades, psychologists have been progressively interested in studying the effects of a discriminatory environment on mental health and relationship quality of sexual and gender minorities. The objective of this thesis was to investigate how minority stress is related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and intimate partner violence (IPV) in Brazil. In Article I, we compared types of IPV and emotional symptoms among LGBT people and investigated relations with sociodemographic variables in 315 participants ranging from 18 to 62 years old (M = 28,46; SP = 8,31). Instruments were sociodemographic and intimate relationship questions, as well the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The most frequent IPV type was psychological both when suffered (72,1%) and perpetrated (71,4%), followed by physical (24,8%). The most prevalent symptom was stress. Group differences show inequalities related to social markers and socioeconomic characteristics. In Article II, we translated and adapted The LGBT Stress Measure (Outland, 2016) for the Brazilian context. The resulting instrument was called Escala de Estresse de Minoria LGBT (EEM-LGBT) and it is composed of 24 items distributed into seven dimensions, as the original scale: (1) discrimination events; (2) victimization events; (3) microaggressions; (4) identity concealment; (5) rejection anticipation; (6) internalized stigma; (7) community connectedness. A factor analysis with the answers of 448 participants ranging from 18 to 62 years old (M = 27,3; SD = 7,9; Mdn = 25) showed good fit indexes for the model of seven factors (χ2/gl = 2,21; CFI = 0,92; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0,05; GFI = 0,91; AGFI = 0,88; TLI = 0,91; SRMR = 0,06). Criterium validity was established with correlations with measures from Protocolo de Avaliação de Estresse de Minoria (PEM-LGB-BR; Costa et al., 2020). In Article III, the objective was to investigate the best combination of minority stressors to explain the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Instruments were: EEM-LGBT, CTS2, and DASS-21. Although significant correlations were considered too low and we were not able to attend statistical requirements to predict IPV as outcome, it was possible to identify the combination of variables that best explained the occurrence of emotional symptoms: internalized stigma, rejection anticipation, victimization experiences, low community connectedness, income and schooling. We conclude that proximal minority stressors, caused by distal stressors, intertwine with social markers of difference to explain different mental health outcomes in this population.

Avaliação de Processo e Resultados na Terapia Comportamental Integrativa de Casal (Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy – IBCT)

Wed, 28 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Avaliação de Processo e Resultados na Terapia Comportamental Integrativa de Casal (Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy – IBCT) Lins, Mara Regina Soares Wanderley Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy-IBCT is the couple therapy of the Third Generation Therapies. It assumes that what makes it difficult to solve a marital problem is the couple's way of dealing with adversity, for example with coercion, control, blaming or avoidance. The same efforts that would be aiming to avoid a problem can be harmful and the attempts to solve it can be destructive. The main differential of IBCT is the concept of Acceptance. This is not about accepting abusive or violent situations, but it is demonstrated when a partner tolerates or even welcomes a spouse's behavior, previously perceived as disturbing, due to a deep understanding of the partner's self and the broader context of their relationship. Acceptance is the core element of Contextual Therapies, considered the missing link lacking in couple therapy. Thus, the present study has aimed to conduct an investigation of the therapeutic process with three couples attending this psychotherapeutic approach, comparing pre- and post-intervention data, and adherence of the therapist to the proposed model to identify possible mediators and moderators of the results. A change process assessment was also conducted to understand how or why certain treatments work and which aspects of treatment tend to facilitate or inhibit therapeutic change. Finally, a contrasting case study focused on the evaluation of factors common to couple therapy and factors specific to this approach, revealing strategies and techniques that may be more or less effective. The main results report the therapeutic process, the results and the importance to bring together clinic and research.

A participação dos pais na psicoterapia psicanalítica da criança

Mon, 19 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT

A participação dos pais na psicoterapia psicanalítica da criança Oliveira, Luiz Ronaldo Freitas de The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the participation of parents in psychoanalytic psychotherapy of the child through three empirical studies. In the first, experiences of child psychotherapists regarding the inclusion of parents in the treatment were identified. Participants were 76 psychotherapists who answered an online questionnaire. According to the results, the professionals include the parents in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of the child and the participation of the relatives can present risks and benefits to the process of psychotherapy. In the second, the parents' perception of possible changes in children in the course of their psychodynamic psychotherapies was investigated. Participants were parents of four children who answered a semistructured questionnaire results showed that the changes perceived by the parents were related to the symptoms presented by children, their psychological functioning and interpersonal relationships and external reality. The objective of the third study, through the Systematic Case Study method, was to analyze the impact of parental involvement in the therapeutic process of a child. The findings revealed that the parent interviews had effects on the therapist-child sessions that immediately followed. From the results of the studies it was possible to verify the importance of parental participation in the psychotherapy of children. The inclusion of parents during this process had an impact on the treatment, which may vary depending on the characteristics and difficulties of those involved in the treatment, the alliance established with the therapist and the ability of the therapist to work with the family.

O adoecimento mental dos professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul

Thu, 30 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT

O adoecimento mental dos professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul Brun, Luciana Gisele This thesis aims to investigate the aspects of the work context that has contributed to the mental illness of the teachers of private education in Rio Grande do Sul. For that, it was divided into three sequences. Study 1 presents a theoretical model for Common Mental Disorders in teachers, with quantitative and explanatory method, analyzed by structural equation modeling, in a sample of 740 teachers. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and labor questionnaire, the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 [SRQ-20], the Work Context Assessment Scale [EACT] and the Pleasure and Suffering at Work Indicators Scale [EIPST]. The second article is an explanatory quantitative and presents a multiple linear regression analysis that sought to identify the aspects of the context of the work and the experiences of pleasure and suffering in the work of the teachers of the private education predicted for the depression in a sample of 197 teachers with symptoms of depression. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-I], EACT and EIPST. The third article is qualitative exploratory and aimed to identify the experiences of pleasure and suffering at work, work context factors and mediation strategies used by nine teachers with depressive symptoms at different levels of private education. The instruments used were the BDI-I and a semi-structured interview. The following were carried out: the survey of the instrument of depression and the content analysis of the interviews. The results of the thesis indicate that the factors of the context of the teaching work, such as the overload and the characteristics of the tasks, the collection by deadlines, the lack of support of the bosses and the lack of freedom of expression contribute to the mental illness and the intensity of symptoms of depression. It is suggested the development of interventions with collective deliberation spaces to prevent mental illness of teachers.

Saúde mental e contexto hospitalar: uma investigação em técnicos de enfermagem

Fri, 24 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT

Saúde mental e contexto hospitalar: uma investigação em técnicos de enfermagem Sobrosa, Gênesis Marimar Rodrigues Nursing technicians are prone to mental illness at work on a daily basis, because of overwork and contact with people in distress. A review of the databases indicated a shortage of research on this group, focusing on mental health and work. With the objective of closing this gap, this thesis aimed to understand how the work context has influenced the mental health of nursing technicians in hospitals in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, three studies were developed. The first one identified which factors contribute to mental health in the work of these professionals, from the scientific literature. The second and third article investigated the work context and its repercussions on the mental health of nursing technicians in public and private hospitals, respectively. The results indicated that the group presents: work overload, excessive charges and rhythm, lack of recognition from the teams and from the institutions studied. Emphasis was placed on the social utility of work. The empirical data confirm the literature, indicating in this group the predominance of suffering factors in detriment to those of health, in the hospital context. It is suggested the need for listening spaces to give active voice to these workers, in order to alleviate the mental suffering associated with work.

Função reflexiva e capacidade de vinculação em mães de crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade - TDAH

Mon, 29 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT

Função reflexiva e capacidade de vinculação em mães de crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade - TDAH Bertoldo, Lao Tse Maria Based on the premise that early attachment experiences with the primary caregiver (mother) may have an influence on the emergence or worsening of psychopathological conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD, two studies were developed, one theoretical and one empirical. which gave rise to three articles. The first article reviews the existing literature on children's ADHD and attachment theory, based on searches for theoretical and empirical studies in international and national literature. In Brazil, no article was found. The review indicates that childhood ADHD may be associated with instability in early attachment relationships. The second article presents an exploratory, quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study of the case-control type that found differences in a group of 30 mothers of children with ADHD and 30 mothers of children with typical development in terms of Reflective Function, mentalization and maternal attachment. The instruments used were Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) and Multidimensional Scale of Interpersonal Reactivity (EMRI) to assess Reflective Function and Perception Inventory of Maternal (IPVM ) to assess maternal bonding. It was found that the group of mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD showed a significant difference in relation to the control group regarding uncertainty regarding mental states, reflecting low mentality in relation to the compared group. The mothers of children with ADHD, therefore, had less capacity for reflexive function than mothers of children with typical development. The third article was a qualitative approach through a multiple case study with five dyads composed of children with ADHD and their mothers, the samples derived for convenience from the first empirical study. The mental representations of the children in relation to their mothers and of them in relation to their history and bond with the child were evaluated. The instruments were: mentalization interview and mental representations of life history with the mothers, the Global Scale and the Specific Signal Frequency Scale applied to Family Design and the MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB) applied to children. It was found that transgenerational aspects are present in the internal representations of attachment and that traumatic situations of excessive stress, abandonment or instability in bonds with caregivers in childhood are associated with insecurity of attachment and difficulties in development. Such findings suggest that early situations of stress and abandonment, experienced in childhood, can establish transgenerational transmission of representation of unsafe attachment, interfering in the mother-child bond and causing impairment in development. Together, the findings of the present thesis allow us to conclude that there are indications that good conditions of reflexive function and mentalization in mothers may be essential in the development of representation of safe attachment in the child. This being a protective condition, given the difficulties in the development and emergence of diverse Psychopathologies, such as ADHD. Despite the vast international literature on the repercussions of attachment on childhood ADHD, studies in Brazil are still scarce, which represents a need to expand research on this topic.