O espelho riscado da esquerda política: da esquerda da tradição à esquerda da diferença – trajetória e pensamento

Abstract

The present study analyzes the pathsto understand the left-wing politics’ thinking in their initial formulations up until currently. It aims to follow the path of formation of socialism’s worldview, its history, actions and characters. From Babeuf’s utopic socialism to Marx and Engels’s scientific materialism, we contextualize the path up to 1989, where we expand on the reasons for the failure of socialism, symbolized by the fall of the Berlin wall. The values, taken as central for the Left’s conception, equality and freedom are analyzed, as well as the concepts of “difference” and “other”. Under the light of philosophical pragmatism, we also study psychopolitics of power, pluralism and notion of justice – the latter as loyalty amplified to the redescription of reality through a new semantic authority, as Richard Rorty teaches us. This thesis’s objectives are: to create a consistent text on the conception of Left to take it back to the construction of the political present and future of society based on a new language; to present, under the view of social sciences, the collapse of socialism and its impossibility, presented on the practices of Eastern European governments; and to formulate, reviewing the critics to the Left’s dogmatism, the theoretical mark to serve as base for the new vision of Left. Thus, the construction of a glossary is presented as methodologically relevant, as well as the report of the 2020-election experience. We present, therefore, important contributions to, on the one hand, surpass the nostalgia and the memory of the Tradition Left and, on the other, point out a new path to contemporary society: the Difference Left.