Política de microcrédito sob a óptica da sociologia da ação pública: o caso do programa gaúcho de microcrédito no Banco do Povo de Santa Cruz do Sul (RS)

Abstract

This Thesis proposes to study the implementation of the Gaucho Microcredit Program (PGM) from the elements of public action articulated by the People's Bank of the Municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul. The research is guided by the following problem: What were the elements of public action articulated by the People's Bank of the Santa Cruz do Sul City Hall, their attributes and effects? In order to elucidate responses to the established problem, from the path to the investigative strategies, it is pointed out that the research is qualitative, using the techniques of participant observation, interview and documentary research. The investigative path materializes from the theoretical framework, followed by the thematic analysis of the selected documents / research corpus (minutes of meetings; news clipping; laws, decrees; photographs; terms of cooperation; accountability reports for the period in question) study; PGM / Banrisul and Banco do Povo reports). Subsequently, it deepens through the analysis of semi-structured interviews, conducted by telephone with 22 (twenty two) actors representing the Municipal Executive, Servants of Banco do Povo, Servers of the other Secretariats of the Municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Servers of City Halls of region, Employees of other financial organizations operating in partnership with Banco do Povo, Representatives of the organizations that make up the Banco do Povo network. The technique of analyzing the content of the corpus generated by the texts and summary tables, in addition to the transcribed interviews, is thematic or categorical analysis, with a deductive approach. I start from the pre-established categories based on Lascoumes and Le Galès: actors, organizations, representations, processes and results, with a view to discovering the nuclei of meaning that make up communication, whose frequency of appearance means something to my research objective, encompassing pre-analysis, material exploration and treatment of the data obtained. My investigative incursion goes through the analysis of the instruments of public action used by the people's bank and culminates in the recognition of the entrepreneur of the cause (in this case the coordinator of Banco do Povo) as an essential element for the success of public action. Preliminarily, the observation indicated discretionary behaviors not provided for by law, the personification of the policy and the relevance of the actors' performance, in a network, for the results obtained, corroborating the studied theory. As for the public action instruments used, it was evident the existence of a unique strategy in the approach of entrepreneurs, a form of horizontal management and multi-stakeholder governance processes of public action, the existence of normative structures and mechanisms of socioeconomic regulation, in addition to financial assistance and managerial among others. With regard to representations, I highlight a conception of management sustained by the intense participation of organized civil society in the various stages of public action. Thus, in this investigative path I found the heterogeneity of the actors acting in mutual and circular interdependence, breaking with linear and vertical views of the government processes, which corroborated my understanding that the components of this political system cannot be analyzed in isolation. Consequently, I understand that the differences in the results of the actions reflect the differences in the orchestration of the processes in public action.