Diretrizes para a redução do tempo de atravessamento em obras rodoviárias: estudo de caso na duplicação da BR-116

Abstract

Good road infrastructure is vitally important for the development of nations, but most road works take long lead times to complete. In parallel, some production theories, such as the Toyota Production System and the Theory of Constraints enabled the reduction of lead time of industrialized products. Given this, this research proposes guidelines for the planning and programming of road works, aiming to reduce the lead time, through a multiple case study of the BR-116 duplication works in Rio Grande do Sul, using documentary data and interviews with those responsible for the works. The study identified that the deadlines for environmental licensing and the deficiencies in projects are the main extrinsic reasons for the delay of the BR-116 works. It could be concluded that the plans are deficient, there is no clear identification of the critical path of the work and the paradigm used maximizes the productivity of resources in isolation. It was also found that there was no definition of the size of the work lots and the indicators do not promote the completion of segments. The guidelines to reduce the time of road works include mobilizing the work only when legal restrictions are in place, allowing the use of resources at rates lower than their capacity, using Space x Time Charts for the elaboration of long-term schedules, initiate earthmoving from the least dense site for initial and earthmoving services, use the smallest extent possible for the work lots of each activity, use indicators that promote segment completion, and use the Last Planner System methodology for effective scheduling and control the work.