Mudanças institucionais e novos ofertantes no sistema de pagamentos brasileiro: análise a partir da adoção de pagamentos móveis

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the institutional changes associated to the adoption of mobile payments in Brazil, especially those related to the entry of new offers into the payment system. To achieve this objective, a case study was carried out in the Brazilian payment system through the collection of data from multiple sources of evidence, such as interviews with fintech entrepreneurs, document analysis, application of questionnaires with users and non-users of mobile payments and observation at a meeting of fintechs. The Institutional Theory offered support for the understanding of the institutional changes that have already occurred that still need to occur in the regulatory, normative and cultural/cognitive pillars, and from these results it has been verified that these institutional changes will only occur if the forms of institutional work for creation of new institutions presented by Lawrence and Suddaby (2006) are carried out in the context of the Brazilian payment system. From this point forward, the empirical field was analyzed in order to identify the exercise (or not) of the forms of institutional work. As research results, it is considered that the new technologies, by themselves, are not capable of causing institutional changes in a context in order to facilitate the entry and development of technology-based companies. It was also observed that the solutions offered by fintechs, even if innovative and characterized as digital innovations, alone are not enough to promote changes in the institutional context in order to facilitate the entry and/or development of companies in this context. Thus, it was concluded that new entrants do not have the power to create new institutions of the system, even offering innovative solutions, and that these organizations must unite to perform an institutional work in the context, seeking to align the interests of the actors and thus, induce institutional changes. Finally, it is evident that the great players of the sector use their power to influence the institutional context, defending their dominant positions and seeking to hinder the entry and development of new companies in the Brazilian market. Regarding the contributions of the research, it is important to highlight that on the academic perspective, the study contributes to analyze the adoption of mobile payments in the light of institutional theory and by conducting a case study, while from the managerial perspective, the results offer subsidies to entrepreneurs or future entrepreneurs who wish to enter the Brazilian financial market, in addition to suggesting directions to regulatory agencies and the government.