Avaliação da resistência ao fogo de paredes de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos com instalações prediais

Abstract

Fire situations have great destructive potential for society. A significant effort has been made in Brazil to evaluate the fire resistance of some elements. However, regarding walls, composed of masonry bricks or blocks, plaster or concrete, there are few national academic studies in full scale and no research has been done with elements of buildings built inside partitioning systems. This implies the urge of this research that sought to evaluate the performance of compartmentation walls with a fire resistance rate function, verifying the influence of openings for electrical and hydraulic installations. In order to reach the proposed objective, full scale samples were constructed and tested according to the ABNT NBR 10636:1989 in the vertical furnace of the Technological Institute in Civil Construction Performance (itt Performance - UNISINOS), taking into consideration the ISO 834/14 standard heating curve to verify stability, sealing and thermal insulation criteria. The reference sample (P-1) was performed with clay blocks and coating mortar, without any type of building installation, and for comparison purposes, sample 2 (P-2) contained openings with dimensions of 120 mm x 80 mm, containing electrical installations and sample 3 (P-3) openings of 30 mm diameter for hydraulic installations. During the materials characterization stage, there were variations in the properties of the mortars used in the coating of the samples. According to the experimental results, all systems maintained their stability and sealing during the 240 minutes of test, however, the ability to thermally insultating was compromised at a certain moment. P- 1, P-2 and P-3 were qualified as TRF 134 minutes, TRF 124 minutes and P-3 with TRF 193 minutes, respectively. The performance of the reference sample (P-1) was compromised due to the mortar coating displacement and spalling of the blocks. Therefore, it is not possible to isolate the combined effects of the thermal expansion, coating displacement, spalling of the ceramic blocks, the properties of the materials employed, as well as the heat transfer from the openings in the samples with installations, which influenced in the performance of the walls. It was concluded that in regions with openings of building installations that allow the passage of hot gases, the surface not exposed to high temperatures loses its insulation capacity in a shorter time compared to the surrounding surface, which reduces the fire resistance of the compartmentation systems.