Determinantes da estrutura de capital de bancos e cooperativas de crédito brasileiras

Abstract

The assessment of the financial institution's capital is of utmost importance in order to maintain the stability in the financial market. Its relevance has its origin in the important role of sustaining the very capacity of these organizations in absorbing losses due to the risks taken by the business. By doing so, this work has for objective evaluating whether the determinants of the capital structure of commercial banks and multiple Brazilian banks impact in the same way on the proportion of third-party capital of national cooperative entities. Factors such as size, profitability, growth opportunity, tangibility, results volatility, loan portfolio and the proportion of demand and term deposits. Considering that the two focus groups have different characteristics, whether regulatory or strategic, the expectation is that the factors interact in different ways in the comparison between the samples. The initial sample reached more than 2.000 institutions, evaluated over 21 years (1995 to 2016), totaling, in the end, 18.259 observations. To do so, the samples were divided into temporary windows that respected the validity of the Basel Accords adopted by the country. For analysis, the methods of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and the regression with fixed effects model for panel data (MEF) were used. The results suggest that factors such as size, proportion of deposits, opportunity for growth and credit risk have an influence on the capital structure of the entities, however they interact in different ways, and sometimes opposite, in the comparison between banks and credit unions.