Eficiência econômica em clubes de futebol: um estudo com base na análise envoltória de dados

Abstract

In recent years football has strengthened as a relevant economic activity in Brazil. However, even with a large amount of resources, clubs are often not economically efficient in this process. The approval of Law 13.155/2015, also called the PROFUT law, reinforces the importance of clubs using their resources efficiently, requiring such practices in exchange for federal debt payments. Thus, this research analyzes the relative economic efficiency in Brazilian soccer clubs. It is a descriptive research, with a quantitative approach. The data analyzed belong to the years 2011 to 2015. Applying the Data Envelopment Analysis methodology, the relative economic efficiency of the 26 Brazilian soccer clubs that compose the population was determined. In the analysis of relative economic efficiency comparing clubs year by year, nine clubs reached the 100% score in 2011, nine in 2012, 13 in 2013, 15 in 2014 and 12 in 2015. Analyzing the relative economic efficiency of the clubs throughout the period, only 13 DMUs were considered economically efficient. In both analyzes, the variables that contributed the most to the scores were net operating revenue, operating costs and total assets (-) property, plant and equipment. Among the necessary improvements are the increases in the profit margin and the net financial result. Through the results found, it is also important to note that soccer clubs does not have a source of sustainable competitive advantage, as well as the lack of evidence to affirm that there is a statistically significant relationship between sports performance and economic efficiency.