Avaliação experimental da influência dos requisitos de durabilidade na segurança contra incêndio de protótipos de pilares pré-fabricados de concreto armado

Abstract

Recent tragedies in Brazil have set off a revision of laws and technical practices on fire safety in buildings. At the same time, new security requirements have become required by the brazilian performance standard (ABNT, 2013). This set of factors, enhanced by strong supervision and project approval requirements, intensified the commitment to provide fire safety in the initial design of buildings, along with other design requirements. In concrete structures, the standards that stablish the durability specifications - the NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2014) and NBR 12655 (ABNT, 2015), do not cogitate the parameters of fire safety design of the NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012), and vice versa. This study aims to evaluate the fire resistance time of elements produced with standard durability parameters, comparing them with the NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012) criteria. The experiment was done on 16 columns, 4 for each standard environmental aggressiveness class, with cross section of 25x25 cm and a height of 300 cm, with different resistance classes and produced in a industry, tested at the age of 28 days for 240 minutes without load, with temperature evolution attending to the ISO 834 (ISO 2014) curve. Moreover, a different thickness of concrete cover was used for each column with the same environmental aggression class. The results showed that the durability parameters influence the degree of spalling, whereas the nominal diameter and the thickness of concrete cover have greater importance in fire resistance time. While the biggest diameters of the bars produced lower temperatures, they intensified the degree of spalling that simultaneously increased with the compressive strength of the concrete up to 63MPa. The analytical verification method of NBR 15200 (ABNT, 2012) proved to be safe, with a degree of intrinsic conservatism. The reinforcement and the concrete had residual loss of strength.