A potencialidade da vítima para ser sujeito ético: construção de uma proposta de ética a partir da condição da vítima

Abstract

This research aims to show that the victim has the potential to be subject ethical and that this capability is revealed as a challenge for the construction of a proposed ethics from the victim’s condition, which requires the formulation of new ethical parameters of rationality and subjectivity. This central thesis is developed from hot philosophical references in tradition: on one hand those who advocate the need and the inevitability of the victim and produced a victimized rationality, represented by the speeches of G. Sepúlveda, J. Locke and F. Nietzsche; on the other, those who defend the historicity of the victim production and developed a critical thinking which attempts to overcome the victim's condition, with W. Benjamin, P. Freire and E. Dussel. The first offered to the destructive criticism while the others developed critical thinking. This exercise reap basis for an ethical rationality from victimhood that makes epistemic referential to think a new ethical subjectivity. The goal of building and systematize reference to understand the emerging ethical subjectivity from the victim, together with details of the conditions and constitutive dimensions of this subjectivity is presented as a research task. In this sense, it thematizes the recognition and responsibility as constituting references of new subjectivity and working life, participation and organization as the subjectivity claim conditions, along with the corporeality, the uniqueness and dignity as dimensions of this new ethical subjectivity. The research also discusses the ethical requirements of the ethical subjectivity of the victim, considering the relationship with history, pedagogy and politics, indicating the necessary complementarity of ethics. The research concludes that, considering the benefits brought by the philosophical tradition and presented in the study of the various positions, it is possible to reconstruct an ethical rationality that takes the victim with power to act historically, understanding it as an ethical subject from which is possible to derive conditions for a new rationality and new ethics subjectivity can emerge from the victim’s condition.