Interpretações paleoambientais do quaternário da bacia de Santos (Brasil) com base em foraminíferos bentônicos

Abstract

The distribution of assemblage and species abundance is conditioned to several ecological factors, related to physical and chemical oceanic aspects. Were analyzed 68 samples of two cores collected in continental slope of Santos Basin (~2,000 m water depth) in relation to the benthic foraminiferal fauna, as well as the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen extracted in shells. Through the systematic study of the benthic foraminiferal fauna were identified 68,998 specimens belonging to 123 species. The ecological characterization of species, in addition to the quantitative analysis of the distribution patterns in the cores, allows the observation of changes in the abundance of certain species, attributed to different climatic events. The largest fluctuations in relative abundance along the cores result from the pattern of three main species: Pseudoparrella exigua, Alabaminella weddellensis e Cassidulina californica. Pseudoparrella exigua is more abundant during glacial stages, characterizing these periods as strongly influenced by seasonal phytodetritus input, while Alabaminella weddellensis dominates in the interglacial stages, indicating a more intense and continuous deposition of organic material. Cassidulina californica, that had significant abundance in both stages, responds to high amount of total organic carbon in sediments. Even being indicative of high productivity, these species did not show a close link with the nutrient-rich waters that dominate the glacial stages. However, variations in relative abundance suggest periods with different intensities of flow of nutrients and different sources of organic matter deposited on the ocean floor in the last 545 kyr.