Formação de professores nos institutos federais: Estudo sobre a implantação de um curso de licenciatura em um contexto de transição institucional

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to comprehend how the consolidation process of undergraduate teacher training courses is taking place in Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, considering, as object of analysis, the experiences developed by an undergraduate course in a Federal Institute in Rio Grande do Sul. The opening of this modality of courses represents a novelty to many of these new institutions, which do not have consolidated experiences in this scenario. Regarding methodological aspects, this research made use of a case study and semi-structure interviews. Data analysis was developed considering the theoretical basis of Content Analysis. As for the theoretical references, we may point out the studies of Tardif, Sacristán, Charlot, Cunha, Larrosa and Moura, whose work aided in the reflection on the elements imbricated in the process of teacher training as well as on the thoughts that relate more specifically to the training of teachers for the federal network of professional education and technology. Data analysis showed there are frailties to be overcome in what concerns the consolidation of the course herein studied and one of these elements refers to the articulation with basic education. Federal Institutes offer courses aimed at this kind of education and the guidelines to training new teachers in these institutions highlight that this aspect is one of the features of this new locus for teacher training, once the institution itself offers the possibility of different approaches between these two modalities of education. However, in this study we were able to note that simply offering a course dedicated to basic education does not guarantee that this will become an important feature, since we noticed a certain difficulty in the communication between teacher-training courses in undergraduate level and those aimed at basic education in the institution. Another element to be highlighted is the consolidation process of a course in its community, which is related to the purpose of making Federal Institutes available to regions outside the largest urban centers. In this study, we verified that there are distinct possibilities to increment students’ education, but we notice that the community that receives this new institution still needs to develop its understanding of the real dimension that the opportunities brought by the scenario in which Federal Institutions work may represent. In any case, the experiences developed by the course herein analyzed, despite the several difficulties mentioned by the subjects interviewed, show that there are possibilities to this new modality of education. This shows that the first experiences being developed are meaningful and bring positive features, such as education based on the professionalism of future teachers.