O estresse e a síndrome de Burnout em professores do ensino privado do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The stress and Burnout Syndrome has been presented as a major health problem in the teaching profession. With the intention of deepen the knowledge about the subject, two empirical studies were held with private school teachers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The first (Section 1) entitled The Occupational Stress in Private University Professors was aimed at investigating the occupational stressors present in the work of professors. To achieve this objective, the qualitative method was used with descriptive and exploratory nature. Nine professors from Universities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area were interviewed. Participants were randomly selected and contacted via telephone, data access was through a semi-structured interview, applied individually to each participant. Content Analysis was used on the data which allowed the creation of four themes: stress factors related to work overload, stress factors in interpersonal relationships in the work; teachers' work and its effects on health and suggested interventions in the work of teachers. Each theme is subdivided into categories and subcategories. The results show the main stress factors: stress factors related to the workload in and outside the academic environment, deadlines and demands, stress factors related to difficulties in relationships with the leadership and with the students and damages to health. The second study (section 2) called Predictive factors of the Burnout Syndrome in Teachers from Private Education in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, used the quantitative method correlational and explanatory. The aims of this investigation consisted in identifying the socio-demographic and psychosocial factors and work stress in the work of teachers and analyze predictors of the dimensions of Burnout syndrome. To achieve this, the study obtained a sample of 202 teachers from private schools, which are distributed in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre and in five cities within the state. Data collection was conducted through two instruments: the evaluation questionnaire of Burnout Syndrome and the Scale of Socio-Demographic, Psychosocial Factors and Labor Stress, sent by mail to participants. Teachers were randomly selected according to the city and the institution where they work; the contact took place via email and or phone. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows through Descriptive Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis in the Stepwise model. The results indicate a set of explanatory variables for each dimension of Burnout Syndrome Most predictive factors relate to the work organization. It is noteworthy that some difficulties in relation to students, composes most 14 predictive variables and are present in three explanatory models among the four dimensions that make up the burnout syndrome.