A indicação formal como caminho para o Ser: o despertar hermenêutico-filosófico em Martin Heidegger

Abstract

With the publication of Gesamtausgabe we have the unique opportunity to accompany the genesis of the thought of Martin Heidegger. The different paths taken by his hermeneutic philosophy, the interruptions, the changes, the turns that his notions suffered in the mature of his thought don´t let itself apprehend comprehensively without paying attention, however, to what has already emerged very early, namely, the use of the phenomenological method of 'formal indication' [formale Anzeige]. Indeed, the present thesis supports the idea that it was through this method that Heidegger was able to ask the meaning of the being, and not by the sense of the being anymore, as the metaphysical tradition proposed so far. In these terms, our work tries to go down to the time of the first lectures of the German philosopher, especially those from 1919 to 1923, when the notion of the formal indication is worked extensively. It is of our interest, thus, to contribute to the clarification of its meaning, as well as to understand the importance of the formulation, to the point that such a concept will work as a defense for the philosophy against a fall in the context of the reference, in which the intention, with its origin forgotten, was to adequately achieve the object and thus framed as a science of the beings, still in its totality. It turns out that the concerns of Heidegger are initially focused on the "concept" of "life" [Leben], which deals in phenomenological key will receive the unique interpretation of the 'being-there' [Dasein] 'existence’ [Existenz], which will require the preparation of a specific hermeneutics, named, from 1923, the 'hermeneutics of facticity' [Hermeneutik der Faktizität]. Now, it is exactly this hermeneutic, while phenomenological interpretation of life, which Heidegger wants to conquest, in order to free life from its theoretical and conceptual frame. Since, according to the German philosopher, only reaches the thought of the being going through the question through its meaning, which relates to how to be awake from the exist for oneself.