Estudo de viabilidade de um sistema de refrigeração por absorção amônia/água, utilizando rejeito térmico

Abstract

In this present study, a cogeneration system is analyzed in a food company that uses several utilities in its productive process. These processes generate industrial residues, such as solids, liquids and also thermal residues. Currently, much has been said about energy efficiency in the utilities department to which directly impact the operational costs of production. The goal of this study is to identify thermal and energy potentials available for the simulation of a trigeneration system that uses absorption ammonia/water cooling system as an alternative to reduce operational costs through the production of cold water and the cooling of freezing tunnels. In the analyzed company, the demand for electric energy for the cooling systems by compression, represents lately 60% of all the electric energy of the factory. This way, cooling systems by absorption become interesting for many different applications, since they are activated by thermal energy instead of electric energy. In this study the influences of the condensation temperature, evaporation temperature, generator temperature and ammonia concentration by COP of absorption ammonia/water cooling systems are analyzed. For the fulfillment of these analysis, the mathematical modeling is carried out and an EES program is developed and compared through simulations performed in Handbook fundamentals by ASHRAE (2009). Therefore, three cases different are simulated for the absorption systems in study, where the data presented for the company potential recovery of heat a boiler and the ASHRAE guidelines for an ammonia/water absorption refrigeration systems, are simulated and analyzed through the IPSEpro software. An economical analysis is performed where it is possible to conclude the best configuration of the trigeneration system suggested. The percentage of economy concerned to the electric energy consumed by the adopted cooling compressors was 8.7%. It will proportionate a mouthy economy of around R$ 135,391.41. The costs of electric energy considered was R$ 0.1968/kWh and the TMA (minimal tax of attractiveness) considered in the project was 15.7% the best situation presented was the case 3, where the value of invested capital was R$ 5,368,700.00 concerned to the acquisition and installation of equipments. The TIR (internal rate of return) was in 15.7%, the VPL (net present value) for ten years was R$ 2,443,000.00 and the payback will occur in 6.07 years or 73 months.