Aspectos e impactos ambientais durante a fase de execução de uma obra residencial

Abstract

The construction sector contributes largely to the human interference in nature, being the industry regarded as one of the main sectors that consume natural resources and interfere with the landscape changes and disposal of waste and effluents in nature. There are some actions for the reduction of these impacts, such as CONAMA Resolution 307/2002 establishing guidelines for the management of construction waste, and the establishment of some recycling plants for construction and demolition waste. The aim of this work is to analyze the main environmental aspects and impacts, consumed resources and generated waste during production activities. The method used was the case study and had as its object of study waste generated in all activities of the production phase of a residential condominium by a construction company. It was evaluated fourteen processes existing in the work site, which generated 174 aspects, 280 potential impacts, and of these, 189 were considered as significant impacts. It was found that the four major processes that generate significant impacts were masonry and conventional slab roof with a conventional and pumped concrete, beams and subfloor baldrame and internal and external painting, representing 44 % of the significant impacts at the residencial work. The results obtained with the implementation of the study indicate that the fourteen activities studied have generated some sort of appearance and environmental impacts, with many of the impacts evaluated as significant. In addition to solid waste, the main "output" in each activity was detected dust, effluents and odors. However, while the solid waste based on the Resolution CONAMA 307/2002, page regulatory construction waste, are mostly considered as inert (Class A), this work indicates a large use of chemicals such as additives, glues, paints and adhesives, which can contaminate the waste. This was observed on waste wood and ceramic tiles. Furthermore, 21% of the significant impacts were observed in the study on the use of non-renewable resources or limited, and another 21% in the occupation of landfields.