Arqueologia na encosta catarinense : em busca dos vestígios materiais Xokleng

Abstract

The principal aim of the dissertation is to compare the model of a stable Xokleng settlement presented by Farias (2005) with the archaeological sites identified in the municipality of Rio Fortuna-SC. The mentioned model proposes that the Xokleng had a territorial stability on the slope of the highlands of Santa Catarina. However, the historical and archaeological data diverge: while the documents and interviews confirm their presence, the archaeological sites characterize a hunter and gatherer culture of the Umbu technological tradition. In fact the 66 sites identified in the bibliography and field investigation prove continued occupation. But, no site presented the materials reported by the written documents; on the contrary, lithic arrow points predominate in the archaeological sites. As a consequence, we are conducted to characterize independently the two sets of data: the material culture of the archaeological sites, and the settlement of the Xokleng as it is reported by documents. We explore the similarities and differences of the two sets, visualize the archaeological composition in the area and in the bordering municipalities, appreciate the contribution of oral history, and then, try to understand the possible relation of the Xokleng and the Umbu tradition. That for, we used the methodologies of bibliographic and documental investigation, oral history, and field work. Not all the data of the two sets permitted a comparison, so we elaborated a double hypothesis. The first proposes an association of the ancient hunters and gatherers of the Umbu tradition with migrating Xokleng groups. The second accepts the mentioned association and aggregates a migration from the Itajai valley to the new habitat when the valley was colonized par German immigrants. So the culture of the migrants differs from the former local indigenous dwellers.