Crise na democracia: uma análise sobre o surgimento de alternativas teóricas ao modelo democrático representativo alicerçado na existência de partidos políticos

Abstract

This dissertation aims to relate the crisis of representative democracy with the party system, presenting the theoretical proposals that emerge as alternatives to this model and analyzing their viability in light of the Brazilian constitutional model. To this end, it analyzes representative democracy and its contemporary challenges; exposes moments of Brazilian representative democracy and its crises, notably those related to political parties; and presents the relationship between political parties and democracy, with a view to finding possible alternatives to the crisis and perhaps proposing solutions so that Brazilian democracy can be reinvented. Regarding the methodology, the present study was carried out based on a bibliographical review, guided by the phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective, which, in turn, allows for openness to critical questioning in the face of social events and the handling of certain conceptions rooted in the sense theoretical common. It was concluded at the end of the study that any proposal for change in the Brazilian political system must be carefully examined in light of the Federal Constitution and take into account practical and social challenges to guarantee the stability and legitimacy of the democratic process. Some alternatives that could be considered include: carrying out broad political reform, supporting independent candidacies, implementing limited forms of direct democracy, strengthening popular participation mechanisms, adopting open or mixed lists, strengthening transparency and accountability mechanisms and control over electronic participation.