Atualizações do construto de espectador nos serviços de vídeo streaming Netflix, Amazon Prime Video e Globoplay: uma análise tecnometodológica

Abstract

This dissertation represents a technomethodological movement in pursuit of updates on the spectator construct within video streaming services Netflix, Amazon Prime Video and Globoplay. While video streaming services have proven to be a powerful phenomenon capable of reshaping the structures and paradigms of the audiovisual industry, this research aims to scrutinize the relationship between these services and the spectator. With a research problem elaborated using Henri Bergson's intuitive method and a technocultural perspective (which considers culture and technique as mutually influential), this thesis explores how the construct of the spectator is updated in video streaming services. To achieve this, it establishes historical boundaries concerning the spectator construct, drawing from the works of Arlindo Machado, Villem Flusser, and Jonathan Crary. In the context of video streaming services, they are proposed to be comprehended as dispositifs, relational networks formed by heterogeneous elements, organized in ways spectator subjectivation. Subsequently, the media archaeology approach, based on Erikk Huhtamo and Charles Musser, is employed, suggesting that the relationship between the spectator and the dispositifs occurs through what is called screen practices. Once the theoretical premises are established, the focus shifts to video streaming services, proposing three updates: the collective spectator, the ordinary spectator, and the protagonist spectator. Finally, the figure of the final-spectator is reintroduced, an update that professedly brings together several characteristics of spectator virtuality within a single practice and constantly emerges when screen practices are analyzed.