O pensamento heideggeriano em diálogo com a psicanálise freudo-lacaniana

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the relationships that can be traced between some selected points from Heidegger's work and others selected from Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Due to the vastness of Heidegger's theoretical production, the dissertation focuses on points raised in Ernildo Stein's work, where the possible proximity of the philosopher's work with psychoanalysis at certain points will be detailed. We will show that Heidegger's criticisms of Freudian theories and even of psychoanalytic methodology stem from a certain lack of knowledge on the part of the philosopher that Freud is dealing with the phenomenon of the analytic setting, which imposes itself as the fundamental element of psychoanalysis. We argue that the Heideggerian construct Dasein incorporates a new way of thinking about man and his world. The concept of being-in-the-world reworks the position of the human being, consequently modifying the concepts of psyche, psychology and consciousness. This will give greater support to Freud's important work of questioning the limits of the concepts of pure and sovereign logic. We propose that there will be a meeting of both authors who wander through different paths. Freud questions the primacy of logic and its limitations, by proposing the functioning of the logic of the unconscious. Heidegger, from the other extreme, departs for a critical reformulation of this psyche and consciousness, starting from a rigorous philosophical work, where he diligently pores over the thinking of several philosophers. Focus on one point: the Dasein construct. In the second chapter, I discuss the relationship between Heidegger's work and Jacques Lacan's work. Lacan's quest to make a return to the Freudian thing makes him embark on the paths of philosophy, bringing together several important authors to be able to work more deeply in the psychoanalytic field. We follow in the footsteps of Lacan in his seminar The Logic of the Phantasm, where he argues that Freud not only criticizes a certain position of prevalence of the rational logic of human functioning, but that Freud proposes a new conception of a logic that works in a different way. differentiated from rational logic: the logic of the unconscious. The logical structure characterized as the sexual relationship will be the keynote to demonstrate the originality of psychoanalytic thinking in the field of logic. We will discover with Lacan that this structure cannot be summarized in the simple sexual act, but involves the logical complexity produced in the binomial of sexual difference - and which is neglected in the conceptualizations that Aristotle established about logic. The understanding of inter-human relationships must necessarily go through the logical structure of sexual differentiation: this is the unprecedented hypothesis introduced by Freud and totally based on the ethics of the therapeutic treatment of psychopathologies. This field of formal logic will also be critically questioned with the way that the Dasein construct problematizes this interrelation of our existence in the world, the being-in-the-world. Lacan and Heidegger open an unknown and forgotten field since the establishment of the foundations of logic by Aristotle in which the present work seeks to shed a simple light.