Fatores de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho durante a pandemia de Covid-19: um estudo com docentes em uma universidade privada do sul do Brasil

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic began in March 2020, affecting the world's population in different ways and demanding emergency actions from governments, in order to contain the spread of the disease. The social distancing measures suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted in most countries have boosted the migration from the face-to-face work model to telework, in order to ensure the economic maintenance of organizations and the continuity of activities in general. However, as the changes occurred suddenly, many impacts of these changes still remain unknown. In this context, professors began to carry out their activities remotely, in a crisis environment, exposed to psychosocial risk factors related to work, with the potential to cause illness. These factors are the combination of external elements, such as work structure, organizational management and interpersonal relationships, with internal factors, or the way in which the individual internalizes their experiences, the environment in which they are inserted, their culture and relationships. This combination has the potential to cause illness, stress, anxiety, depression, etc. To contribute to the empirical knowledge about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, this article was dedicated to investigating the most influential psychosocial risk factors in teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic, through a descriptive research, using structural equations from Smart-PLS software. Data collection consisted of a questionnaire applied in a Survey, in which 81 professors from a community university participated. The proposed model showed that the most influential risk factors in teleworking were: the work context and environment, organizational culture and management, personal experience and commitment, and health care and attention, while factors such as experience and social support did not influence performance and job satisfaction in the telework environment imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic.