Crise e transformação do paradigma econômico contemporâneo: uma contextualização do debate recente sobre o fim do neoliberalismo

Abstract

The crises and instabilities in the global economy from the late 1990s onwards seem to have revealed the weaknesses and limitations of the neoliberal hegemony. More than that, these occasions gave rise to hypotheses that predicted the overcoming of the economic paradigm in force since the late 1970s. The main objective of this dissertation is to present and contextualize the recent debate on the end of neoliberalism - especially in the light of the financial collapse of 2008, the crisis of the coronavirus pandemic and the transformations, trends and counter-reactions that are typical of neoliberalism. By reviewing academic articles, books, institutional reports and media vehicles it is possible to verify how complex, sometimes paradoxical, but always adaptable is its nature. The provisional overcoming of those ruptures seems to have reaffirmed the role of the State as an enabling entity for capital accumulation. It is not, therefore, the withdrawal of the State from the economy – but the reorientation of its economic activism and the renewal of votes in favor of the logic of markets, financial globalization and the dogma of competition. The economic prescription of the neoliberal booklet seems to have reoriented State action, to which Marxist and sociological strands lend different conceptions and understand that crises are fertile grounds for neoliberalism to justify and ilimit itself.