Impactos da inserção de geração distribuída na rede elétrica: conceitos de smart grid para mitigação de problemas

Abstract

With the increase in the demand for electric energy, the difficulties of guaranteeing the supply of this energy without interruptions and within the standards of quality determined by PRODIST are also increased. To assist in supplying the demand, more and more methods, such as distributed generation, are being used, most of those methods using unconventional electric ity generators, such as photovoltaic and wind power generators. Unconventional systems are very susceptible to weather changes and work intermittently, damaging the traditional power grid. Aiming to find ways to mitigate the problems of interruptions and intermittency, this work presents a study in a known electrical network evaluating the impacts that the use of photo voltaic panels cause in the network, and with the help of the Volt/Var control method, reduce the levels of fluctuation, and improve the quality of the power supplied. For cases where there are problems that the Volt/Var control is not able to act, or prior to the insertion of distributed generation, network changes are suggested, and tested, and energy storage systems are used to support the network. It was possible to observe in cases where the Volt/Var method was used, improvements in the fluctuation levels of the energy generated by photovoltaic generators and also significant reductions in the number of operations performed by the network voltage regu lators. The simulations executed with the energy storage system were very beneficial, since the system was able to correct problems of voltage sags during periods of light load of the system, thus guaranteeing compliance within Brazilian voltage regulation levels.