Características do sono em mulheres adultas do sul do Brasil: estudo sobre a má qualidade e tempo inadequado do sono e os seus efeitos diretos e indiretos na associação com medidas antropométricas

Abstract

Objectives: to study sleep characteristics, poor quality and inadequate time (short and long sleep duration), as well as to explore ways of possible association of these characteristics with the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) in a sample of adult women living in the urban area of São Leopoldo/RS. In addition, a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that verified the association between sleep quality and abdominal obesity in adults was carried out. Methodology: cross-sectional, population-based study, with women between 20 and 69 years of age. The characteristics of sleep, poor quality, short and long sleep duration were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-BR). Weight and body height, for the calculation of BMI, and WC were measured by trained interviewers. Practice of physical activity, sedentary behavior and consumption of fast foods were considered as intermediate variables in the association between poor sleep quality and WC and BMI. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI> 5) was 42.8% (95%CI: 39.9-45.7). The prevalence of short sleep duration (<7 hours of sleep/day) and long sleep duration (> 9 hours of sleep/day) was 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1-29.4) and 17.9% (95%CI: 15.7-20.3), respectively. It was found that socioeconomic and occupational factors were those that were associated with the three outcomes. There was also an indirect effect on the association between poor sleep quality (numerical score) and increased WC via less weekly physical activity (β = 0.03; 95%CI 0.01-0.07). For the systematic review, 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included 39 analyzes and 35,325 subjects. The analysis of random effects showed that individuals with poor sleep quality had a higher WC value compared to those without poor sleep quality (SMDs = 0.202; 95%CI = 0.131 - 0.273). Conclusions: The importance of investigating sleep characteristics emerges from the need to raise awareness that sleep deserves attention as a way of controlling and reducing chronic non-communicable diseases. It should also be considered that most people are unaware of how much sleep they should have per night and the impacts that poor quality sleep with inadequate time can have on health. This reinforces the need for this issue to be seen as a public health problem. Thus, the importance of monitoring the sleep characteristics of populations from specific realities is emphasized. In addition, strategies to prom with a view to covering not only individual and collective needs, but also the context in which they are inserted.