Análise experimental da qualidade da energia de uma microrrede fotovoltaica com back-up

Abstract

This work presents an experimental analysis of a photovoltaic micro-grid formed by two subsystems, one off-grid with storage and another grid-connected. It is intended to verify its operation, its capacity to supply power to an isolated charge and electric utility grid, to monitor the quality of the electric power delivered to different charges and the electric grid power, and also to quantify the performance indexes of the connected system. The grid-connected subsystem (SFCR) consists of a panel of 1080 Wp of multicrystalline silicon and a DC/AC. inverter of 1200 W. The off-grid subsystem of back-up (SFI-b) consists of a 600 Wp monocrystalline silicon panel, charge controller, lead-acid battery storage bench 24 V / 210 Ah, and a DC/AC inverter of 1000 W. The operation and capacity of the system are monitored during the supply of a charge, represented by a refrigerator. The quality of the energy is analyzed through measurements of active, reactive and apparent energy, power factor and generation of harmonic currents by the inverters. SFI-b is monitored for different types and charges regimes, and SFCR is monitored on clear sky, partially and totally cloudy days. Performance indexes are calculated on clear sky and partly cloudy days over the first six months of 2016. The results demonstrate that the SFI-b is capable of servicing the charge reliably, switching it automatically to the utility grid when the batteries bank reaches a predetermined discharge depth, while the SFCR injects the power produced in power line grid. The energy quality indicators of the SFI-b inverter were adequate, staying inside the limits mentioned in the legislation, and analogous to those presented by the power line grid of the local distributor. The SFCR inverter presented satisfactory energy quality indicators, also in most of the time inside the limits mentioned in the legislation, except for the cloudy days and periods of low irradiance, showing significant reactive energy generation and current harmonic distortions. Considering the average between clear and partially cloudy days, the global average efficiency of SFCR is 9,9%, and the average daily energy injected on the grid is 4,7 kWh. It was verified that the quality of the energy produced by the SFI-b practically independent of the irradiance, but the SFCR depends directly on the irradiance and the load level of the inverter, in the quality energy generation.